
o '^ ^V * ^^^^«**Oi • ^ A^ »J^ 






>^"'- "^ A^ . ^ ■=. . ^ 






^•l^x. 






V, %/ :>?^:-- V/ .:^:v: -^-o/ .■^•- Vo^^ f:^ 



<*. 















^^K 

-^^0^ 

<^°^ 



o 



V 



O > 



^^. '-'• A^ 



C 






,. S"^^ 









•^ -^ 



o * 












\\ '^"^ °J 

^^* V %?• ^ 



o > 

.0 













o*'" '-r^ "^b, ,^ 




<^^ ' 










h ^^ "% 






^0^ r^^fmi. ^ov" ^- ^^o"^ r'^ 



It, ''Va 









VlA^^^ 



t- 




^HE_ 



\mm HeoRT^ 



_?LEfl§URL 




GarI"'^ Great SauLml, Utah. 




^^^^^^^^^^ QPFTIAL NOTICE. 

^^^^^^ SPECiAi. ^^^^^ information 

^,, regard to route , ^ the Western resorts, tor ^^.^^ 



}" 




j\ DEjCR 




e^^ype 



P/\(IFK-'-R/\ILW/\Y, /^^ 



OVERLAND ROUTE 








y 



\)& 






\t-' 



OFFICERS UNION PACIFIC RAILWAY. 



CHARLES FRANCIS ADAMS, President, . . . Boston, Mass. 

THOS. L. KIMBALL, Acting (leneral Manager, . . Omaha, Neb. 

JOHN S. CAMERON, Assistant to Acting General Manager, Omaha, Neb. 



J. S. Tehbkts, General Passenger and Ticket Agent, . 

E. Iv. LoMAX, Assistant General Passenger and Ticket Agent, 
J. A. Ml'.nrof., General P'reight Agent, 

H. A. JiniNSON, First Assistant Cieneral Freight Agent, 

F. B. Whitney, Assistant General Freight Agent, 
D. B. Keeler, Assistant General Freight Agent, 
W. H. Baldwin, Jr., Division Freight Agent, 

J. V. Parker, Division Freight and Passenger Agent, 

D. W. Hitchcock, General Agent, 

J. A. S. Reed, General Traveling Agent, Passenger Department, 
R. Tenkroeck, General Eastern Agent, 
J. M. Bechtel, General Agent, .... 
J. F. Ac.lar, General Agent, ..... 
J. D. Welch, General Agent, .... 

A. Travnor, General Baggage Agent, 

E. Dickinson, Cjeneral Superintendent, 

J. O. Bkinkeriioke, .Superintendent Kansas Division, 

R. Blickensderker, Superintendent Nebraska Division. . 

J. K. Choate, Superintendent Colorado Division, 

C. E. Wurtele, Superintendent Wyoming Division, 

C. F. Resseguie, Superintendent Idaho Division, 

VV, W. RiTER, Superintendent Salt Lake and Western Division, 



Omaha, Neb. 

Omaha, Neb, 

Omaha, Neb. 

Omaha, Neb. 

Kansas City, Mo. 

Denver, Colo. 

Butte, Mont. 

Salt Lake City, Utah. 

San Francisco, Cal. 

Chicago, III. 

New York. 

Chicago, 111. 

St Louis, Mo. 

Cincinnati, O. 

Council Bluffs, la. 

Omaha, Neb. 

Kansas City, Mo. 

Omaha, Neb. 

Denver, Colo. 

Cheyenne, Wyo. 

Pocatello, Idaho. 

Salt Lake City, Utah. 



i^ 



y6 -^ ' , ^ 



COPYRIGHTED, 1888, BY J S TE8BETS, 

General Passenger and Ticket Agent, Union Pacific Railway, 

Omaha. Nebraska. 




INDEX 



(iKNEKAi. Information. ,,^,.g 

I ,ist of Agents ^ 

I'ullman Palace Car Rates „ 

Excursion Tickets and Rates of Fare lo 

l^aggage Rates . _ jq 

Meals _ _ II 

T;iE Union Pacific Railway. 

Branches and Au.xiliary Lines Comprising the System 1 1 

Map of the Union Pacific Railway and Connections Opposite 68 

Notes. — Trains, Equipment, Junctions, and Connections i i 

Outline of the Trip Across the Continent i ^ 

Colorado Points. 

I )enver 1 3 

[daho Springs i3 

Clear Creek Canon lo 

Platte Canon 21 

Uoulder Cafion 22 

Gray's Peak 23 

Points About the Colorado Parks 25 

Estes Park 26 

North Park 26 

Middle Park 26 

South Park 27 

Alpine Tunnel 2S 

Leadville 28 

Gunnison 29 

Colorado E.\cursions .' 29 

Wyoming Points. 

Cheyenne 31 

Sherman 31 

Laramie 32 

(jreen River 32 

Evanston 32 

Yellowstone National Park -^3 

(•1) 



4 INDEX. 

Idaho Points. page 

Shoshone 36 

Hailey 3^ 

Ketchum 3f> 

Boise City 37 

Guyer Hot Springs 37 

Soda Springs 37 

The Great Shoshone Falls 39 

Focatello 42 

Montana Points. 

Butte City 43 

Anaconda 44 

Garrison 44 

Helena 44 

Oregon Points. 

The Grande Ronde Valley 45 

The Dalles of the Columbia 46 

Portland 47 

Crater Lake 47 

The Mount Shasta Route 49 

UtaiI Points. 

Ogden 50 

Ogdeti Canon 50 

Utah Hot Springs 50 

Garfield Beach and (ireat Salt Lake 51 

Salt Lake City 54 

California Points. 

The Yosemite Valley 56 

Mariposa and Calaveras Big Trees 57 

Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, etc 57 

San Francisco 57 

Monterey 5S 

Lake Tahoe 58 

Health 60 

Hunting 62 

Fishing f)5 

Points ok Interest Mentioned 67 

Elevations of Cities, Peaks and Passes 68 





HEALTH AND PLEASURE RESORTS. 



My country, 'tis of thee, 
Sweet land of liberty, 
Of thee I sing : 
****** 

I love thy rocks and rills, 
Thy woods and templed hills 
My heart with rapture thrills 
Like that above. 



THE question, "Where shall we go for health and pleasure?" assumes 
greater importance each succeeding year with the American public, and 
these pages have been written to assist those who are in doubt in set- 
tling this important point, as well as to show them what a wonderful country 
lies between the Missouri River and the Pacific coast. 

Americans go to Europe to see Switzerland and the Rhine, to spend a winter 
in Italy, to do the Pyrenees and the Alps, to visit the German spas, the High- 
lands of Scotland, the Giant's Causeway of Ireland, and other places of 
interest ; when right in their own country, almost at their doors, are rivers, 
forests, lakes and mountains, and medicinal springs, rivaling the Pool of 
Bethesda of old ; sublime scenery bordering on the weird and supernatural, 
quiet vales and dells far e.vcelling those of Europe, or any other portion of 
the civilized world. These places, too, are easy of access, and it is not neces- 
sary to learn a foreign language to be able to enjoy them. 

Following up the sentiment so generally expressed nowadays, America for 
scenery, it is important that every American, native or naturalized, should post 
himself, as a matter of patriotism and pride, on the resources and character- 
istics of his own country. 

Nowhere on the globe is there to be found such a variety of climate, .scenery, 
and resources, as between the Missouri River, or the ninety-sixth meridian, and 

(5) 



6 WESTERN RESORTS 

the Pacific Ocean ; and in this magnificent stretch of country are found resorts 
which can be enjoyed at all seasons of the year. The best climate of every 
known country can be found in this area. Here nature not only equals, but 
excels, everything that she has done for mankind in other portions of the globe; 
and American enterprise and skill have made them accessible to the nations of 
the earth. 

To a vast majority of our people this great country was, until within the last 
few years, practically a sealed book, when its treasures of climate, scenery, and 
products were opened up to the world, by the original completion and the later 
extension of the Union Pacific Railway, "The Overland Route." 

It will be found that only a few of the most attractive and important points 
on this great transcontinental highway have been mentioned in the following 
pages, because suitable accommodations have not as yet been prepared at all of 
them for the tourist, and the health and pleasure seeker. There are hundreds 
of other points that only await the magic touch of progress to awake from 
the sleep of ages, as did the fabled princess who awaited the coming of her 
prince. Year by year, more and more of these resorts will be developed for the 
entertainment and benefit of mankind. 

If these pages shall arouse the patriotism of Americans, and induce them to 
acquaint themselves with the great resources of their own country; with the 
wonderful cures nature provides at the health resorts for all the ills that flesh is heir 
to; with the facilities for enjoyment at the pleasure resorts that the Union 
Pacific Railway offers them along its lines in "The Far West," then their mis- 
sion will have been accomplished. 





GENERAL INFORMATION. 



LIST OF AGENTS. 



Baltimore, Md. — 217 East l>altimore street. — D. K. Burley, Traveling Passenger Agent. 

Boston Mass. — 290 Washington street.— W. S. CoNDELi., New England PVeight and Passenger 
Agent. 
J. S. S.MiTii, Traveling Passenger Agent. 
E. M. Newbegi.n, Traveling Freight and Passenger .\gent. 
A. P. M.-vssEY, Passenger and Freight Solicitor. 

Buffalo, X. Y. — 4oi Exchange street. — S. A. IlrTtiiisoN, Traveling Passenger Agent. 

Butte, Man. Ter. — Corner Main and Broadway. — \V. H. B.vldwin, Jr., General Agent. 

Chicago, III. — 191 Clark street. — J. ^E Bechtel, General Agent Passenger and Freight 
Departments. 
T. W. Young, Traveling Passenger Agent. 
W. T. Holly, City Passenger Agent. 

Cincinnati, 0. — i6g Walnut street. — J. I). Welsh, General Agent Freight and Passenger 
Departments. 
H. C. Smith, Traveling Freight and Passenger Agent. 

Cleveland, 0. — Kennard House. — A. G. Shearman, Traveling Freight and Passenger Agent. 

Columbus, O. — N. W. Corner Gay and High streets. — T. C. Hirst, Traveling Passenger Agent. 

Council Bluffs, la. — U. P. Transfer. — W. H. Birns, General Agent. 
\I. J. Greevy, Passenger Agent. 
J. W. Maynari), Ticket Agent. 

Denver, Colo. — 1,703 Larimer street. — D. B. Keeler, .'Vssistant (Jeneral Freight Agent ar.d 
General Agent Passenger Department. 
\\. J. Rifenberick, Traveling Passenger Agent. 
V . B. Semple, City Passenger Agent. 

Des Moines, la. — 2i8 Fourth street. — E. M. FoRU, Traveling Passenger .\gent. 

Detroit, Mich. — 62 Griswold street. — D. W. Johnston, Michigan Passenger .\gent. 

(7) 



S WESTERN RESORTS 

Helena, A/on. Ter. — 24 Main street. — A. C. \'eazie, Traveling Passenger Agent. 

Indianapolis, Ind. — 69 West Maryland street. — C. S. Blackman, Traveling Passenger Agent. 

Kansas City, Mo. — Ninth and Broadway. — F. B. Whitney, General Agent Passenger Department 
and Assistant General Freight Agent. 
J. B. Reese, Traveling Passenger Agent. 

E. W. McKeon, Union Depot, Passenger Agent. 
T. A. Shaw, Ticket Agent, 1,038 Union avenue. 
A. W. MiLLSPAUGH, Ticket Agent, Union Depot. 

C. A. Whittier, City Ticket Agent, 528 Main street. 

London, England. — Tuos. CooK & Sons, European Agents, Ludgate Circus. 
C. A. GiLLiG, Agent, United States Exchange, 9 Strand, Charing Cross. 

Los Angeles, Cal. — 236 North Main street. — A. J. IIechtman, Agent Passenger and Freight 
Departments. 

Lotiisvilk, Kv. — 346 West Main street. — N. Haight, Traveling Passenger Agent. 

Montreal, Can. — 136 St. James street. — Jas. Dunn, Canadian Freight and Passenger Agent. 

Xew York City. — 2S7 Broadway. — R. Tenbroeck, General Eastern Agent. 
]. F. Wiley, Passenger Agent. 

F. R. Se.\man, City Passenger Agent. 

Ogden, Utah. — Union Depot. — C. A. Henry, Ticket Agent. 

Omaha, Neb. — Ninth and Farnam streets. — J. B. Frawley, Traveling Passenger Agent. 
H.\RRY P. Deuel, 1,302 Farnam street. City Passenger and Ticket Agent. 
J. K. Chambers, Depot Ticket Agent, Tenth and Marcy streets. 

Philadelphia, Pa. — 133 .South Fourth street. — T. P. V.^mlle, Traveling Passenger Agent. 

Pittsburgh, Pa. — 215 Wood street. — H. E. Passavant, Traveling Freight and Passenger Agent. 

Portland Oregon. — Corner First and Oak streets. — A. L. M.wwell, General Passenger and 
Ticket Agent Oregon Railway and Navigation Company. 

St. Louis, Mo. — 13 South Fourth street. — J. F. Agl.\r, Cieneral Agent Freight and Passenger 
Departments. 
E. R. TuTTLE, Traveling Passenger Agent. 
A. W. Barbour, City Passenger Agent. 

St. Paul, Minn. — 154 East Third street. — F. L. Lvnde, Traveling Passenger Agent. 

Sacramento, Cal. — 1,018 Second street. — C. L. Hanna, Traveling Passenger Agent. 

Salt Lake City, Utah. — 201 Main street, — J. V. Parker, Division Freight and Passenger Agent. 
C. E. Ingalls, City Passenger Agent. 

San Francisco, Cal. — I Montgomery street. — D. W. Hitchcock, General Agent Freight 
and Passenger Departments, 
W. G. IIOLCOMBE, Passenger Agent. 

J. .\. S. Reed, General Traveling Agent, igr South Clark street, Chicago. 
E. ],. LoMAX, Assistant General Passenger and Ticket Agent, Omaha, Neb. 
J. S. Tebbets, General Passenger and Ticket Agent, Omaha, Neb. 



FOR HEALTH AND PLEASURE. 9 

PULLMAN PALACE CAR RATES. 

Subject to Change. 

The Pullman Palace Car Company now operates this class of service on 
the Union Pacific and connecting lines. 



PULLMAN PALACE CAR RATES BETWEEN 



New York and Chicago 

New 'Sork and St. Louis 

Chicago and Omaha or Kansas City 

Chicago and Denver 

St. Louis and Kansas Cit\- 

St. Louis and Omaha 

Kansas City and Cheyenne 

Council Bluffs, Omaha or Kansas City and Denver 

Council Bluffs or Omaha and Cheyenne 

Council Bluffs, Omaha or Kansas City and Salt Lake 

Council 131uffs, Omaha or Kansas City and Ogden 

Council Bluffs, Omaha or Kansas City and Butte 

Council Bluffs, Omaha or Kansas City and San Francisco or Los Angeles 

Council P.luffs, Omaha or Kansas City and Portland 

Cheyenne and Portland 

Denver and Portland 

Denver and Los Angeles 

Denver and San Francisco 

Denver and Leadville 



Double 


Drawing 


Berths. 


Room. 


$ 5-00 


$ 18.00 


6. CO 


22.00 


2.50 


9.00 


6.00 


21.00 


2.00 


7.00 


2.50 


9.00 


4-50 


16 00 


3-50 


12.00 


4.00 


14.00 


8.00 


28.00 


8.00 


28.00 


9- 50 


36.00 


13.00 


50.00 


13.00 


50.00 


10.00 


38.00 


10.00 


38.00 


11.00 


42.00 


ir.oo 


42.00 


2 .00 









For a Section, twice the Double Berth Rates will be charged. 



The excursion, hotel, dining, hunting and sleeping cars of the Pullman 
Company will accommodate from 12 to 18 persons, allowing a full bed to each, 
and are fitted with such modern conveniences as private, observation and smok- 
ing rooms, folding beds, reclining chairs, buffets, and kitchens. They are es- 
pecially arranged for tourists, theatrical companies, sportsmen, and private 
parties. The hunting cars have special conveniences, being provided with 
dog-kennels, gun-racks, fishing-tackle, lockers, etc. These cars can be chartered 
at following rates per diem (the time reckoned being from date of departure 
until return of same, unless otherwise arranged with the Pullman Company): 

TEN DAYS or LESS. 



PER DAY. 

Hotel cars ^50.00 

Buffet cars 45 . 00 

Sleeping cars 40.00 



PER VAX. 

E.\cursion or hunting cars $ 35 .00 

Excursion cars with buffet 30.00 

Dining cars 30.00 



Over Ten Days — $5.00 per day less than above. Hotel, buffet, or sleep- 
ing cars can also be chartered for continuous trips without lay-over between 



10 WESTERN RESORTS 

points where extra cars are furnished (cars to be given up at destination), as 
follows: 

Where berth rate is $i . 50, car rate will be #35 -oo 

2.00, " " ■' 4500' 

2.50, 55-00 

For each additional berth rate of 50 cents, car rate will be increased $10.00. 

Above rates include service of polite and skillful attendants, and a commis- 
sariat, if desired. Such chartered cars must contain not less than 15 persons 
holding first-class tickets, and another full-fare ticket will be required for each 
additional passenger over 15. If chartered "per diem" cars are given up en 
route, chartering party must arrange for return to original starting point free, 
or pay amount of freight necessary for return thereto. Diagrams showing 
interior of these cars can be had of any agent of the Pullman Company. 



EXCURSION TICKETS AND RATES OF FARE. 

Excursion tickets to prominent resorts west of the Missouri River are on sale 
during the summer months in most of the eastern cities at greatly reduced 
rates of fare. These tickets are good from ninety days to six months. Excur- 
sion tickets to San Francisco, California, and to Portland, Oregon, are on sale all 
the year around. From its Missouri River terminals — Council Bluffs, Omaha, St. 
Joseph, Leavenworth, and Kansas City — the Union Pacific Railway has placed 
on sale at greatly reduced rates, excursion tickets to all the prominent places 
and resorts on its lines in Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, Idaho, Oregon, and 
Utah; also excursion tickets for side trips have been placed on sale at greatly 
reduced rates during the summer months via the Union Pacific Railwaj' at all 
its prominent places of resort in the above-mentioned territory. For large 
excursion parties to Idaho Springs, Shoshone Falls, Soda Springs, Garfield 
Beach, Great Salt Lake, and Utah Hot Springs, the Union Pacific Railway 
will make special excursion rates for side trips to prominent points of in- 
terest near these resorts. 

BAGGAGE RATES. 

Subject to Change. 

Free baggage allowance on each full ticket of any class is 150 pounds, and 
on each half ticket 75 pounds, to railroad points, including San Francisco and 
all Pacific coast points, except between stations in Nebraska, where the free 
baggage allowance is 200 pounds on full tickets and 100 on half tickets. Bag- 
gage may be checked through from all points in the United States or Canada 
to Union Pacific Railway points, or beyond, including Pacific coast points. 
The Union Pacific was the first line west of the Missouri River to inaugurate 
this system. 



FOR HEALTH AND PLEASURE. 11 

Passengers holding full first-class tickets, issued on steamship orders sold in 
foreign countries, for transportation through the United States to foreign ports, in 
either direction, will be allowed 250 pounds of baggage free on each full ticket, 
and 125 pounds free on each half ticket. 

Extra baggage rates, per 100 pounds, to local points on the Union Pacific 
and Oregon Railway & Navigation Company's lines, is 12 per cent, of first-class 
fare. Free baggage allowance on stages is from 30 to 50 pounds, and the 
charge for extra weight higher than for same distance by rail. 

Members of the same family can pack their usual allowance of baggage in 
one or more trunks, provided no trunk exceeds 250 pounds in weight. 

The extra baggage rate from Missouri River to points in California is $7.20 
per 100 pounds on all classes of tickets. 

Guns. — Uncased guns will be carried in baggage car only, and no charge 
will be made for a distance of 100 miles or less. For distances over 100 miles, 
baggagemen may charge 25 cents for each passenger division. Cased guns will 
be checked free by baggage agents, as part of the usual baggage allowance, or 
they may be carried by passengers m coaches without charge. 

For Care of Dogs. — Baggagemen will collect 25 cents per head for each 
division less than 100 miles, and for distances over 100 miles at the rate of one- 
quarter of a cent per mile. 

Baby Carriages — When accompanied by a passenger with an infant, may 
be carried by train baggagemen, and 25 cents collected for each passenger 
division, but when not so accompanied must be turned over to the express 
company. 

Bicycles and Tricycles — Will be carried free in baggage cars, when 
accompanied by the owner, on presentation of a first-class ticket upon which no 
baggage has been checked. 

MEALS. 

All trains stop at regular eating stations, where first-class meals are fur- 
nished under the direct supervision of this company, by the Pacific Hotel 
Company. Neat and tidy lunch counters are also to be found at these stations. 



BRANCHES AND AUXILIARY LINES COMPRISING THE SYSTEM. 

NEBRASKA DIVISION. 

MILES. 

.Main Line. — Council Bluffs to Cheyenne 520. 2 

Omaha and Republican Valley Branch. — V^alley to Beatrice, Kans., Valparaiso to Stromsburg, 

and Grand Island to Ord, St. Paul to Loup City 258.6 

Omaha, Niobrara lV: Black Hills Branch. — Cohmilnis, Neb., to Norfolk, Oconee to .\lbion, 

and Genoa to Cedar Rapids 1 14 • 5 

Total, Nebraska Division 893 . 3 



12 WESTERN RESORTS 

COLORADO DIVISION. 

srrLEs. 

Julesburg District. — Julesburg to LaSalle 1 5°- 9 

Fort Collins District. — Denver to Colorado Junction I30- 5 

Argo Park I )istrict. — Jersey to C. C. Cut Off 3.1 

Cheyenne Division. — (Den. Pac. Ry.) Denver to Cheyenne 106. 7 

Boulder Branch. — Brighton to Boulder 27. 8 

Marshall District. — Argo Junction to Boulder 26. 9 

Buckhorn District. — Loveland to Arkins 7.5 

Golden to Georgetown, narrow gauge 34 . 3 

Mountain District. — Forks Creek to Central, narrow gauge 1 1 .0 

Georgetown to Graymont, narrow gauge 8.3 

Cireeley, Salt Lake & Pacific Division — Greeley to Stout 38 . 6 

Sunset District — Boulder to Sunset, narrow gauge 12.9 

Glencoe Distirct — Ralston to Glencoe, narrow gauge 4.0 

South Park Division — Main Line. Denver to Baldwin Mines, narrow gauge 219. 3 

Morrison District. — Bear Creek Junction to Morrison, narrow gauge 9.5 

High Line District. — Como to Leadville, narrow gauge 62.9 

Keystone District. — Dickey to Keystone, narrow gauge 6.9 

Como Coal District. — Lower Mine to Coal Branch Junction, narrow gauge 4.0 

Buena Vista District. — Schwanders to Buena Vista, narrow gauge 3-S 

London District. — Garos to London, narrow gauge i5-4 



Total, Colorado Division 884 . 3 

WYOMING DIVISION. 

MILES. 

Main Line. — Cheyenne to Ogden 514-6 

Laramie, North Park & Pacific District. — Laramie to Soda Lake 13.6 

Echo i\: Park City Branch. —Echo to Park City 28 . 2 

Utah Eastern District. — Coalville to Summit Mine 30 

C. i^ N. District. — Cheyenne to Wendover 123 . 5 



Total, Wyoming Division 6S2 . 9 

ID.AHO DIVISION. 

MILES. 

Ogden to Pocatello, narrow garge 153-4 

Utah Northern Branch. — Pocatello to Silver Bow 255 .4 

Oregon Short Line Division. — Granger to Huntington and Ketchum 610.9 



Total, Idaho Division 1,019.7 

KANS.^S DIVISION. 

MILES. 

Main Line Kansas Pacific Railway. — Kansas City to Denver 639. i 

Leavenworth Branch. — Leavenworth to Lawrence 34- 1 

Junction City & Fort Kearney Branch.— Junction City to Concordia and Belleville 87. i 

Solomon Railway. — Solomon to Beloit 57-3 

Salina (^ Southwestern District. — Salina lo McPherson 35-5 

Salina, Lincoln ii Western. — Salina, Kans., to Waldo, Kans 71.8 

Manhattan & Blue Valley Branch. — Manhattan to Beatrice, Neb 93-2 

Wyandotte & Enterprise Spurs. — Armstrong to Wyandotte and Detroit to Enterprise 4.0 

Kansas Central Division. — Leavenworth to Miltonvale, narrow gauge 165 .9 

Oakley & Colby Branch 21.7 



Total, Kansas Division i . 209 . 6 



FOR HEALTH AND I'LEASURE. 



13 



Salt Lake & \\ estern Division. — Lehigh Junction to Tintic and Silver City 53.8 

Utah Central Division. — Ogden to Frisco, Junction to Syracuse 285 . 5 

Garfield Beach Branch Utah & Nevada Railway. — Salt Lake to terminus narrow gauge 37-o 

Montana Union Railway. — Silver Bow, Butte, Garrison and Anaconda 59.6 



RECAPITULATION. 

Nebraska Division 

Colorado Division 

Wyoming Division 

Idaho Division i 

Kansas Division i 

Salt Lake & Western Division 

Utah Central Division 

Montana Union Railway 

Utah & Nevada Railway, Garfield Beach Branch 



893* 3 
S.S4 . 3 
6S2.(> 
,019.7 

,20Q.6 

53-8 

285.5 

59.6 

37 o 



Total 5.125.7 





NOTES. 



TRAINS, EQUIPMENT, JUNCTIONS, AND CONNECTIONS. 

IT is worth while knowing that two through trains leave Council Bluffs every 
day with through cars for Denver, Ogden, Salt Lake City, Los Angeles, San 
Francisco, and Portland. One of these trains, the fast one, called " The 
Overland Flyer,'" has Pullman Palace Sleeping Cars only, running through to 
Denver, Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Portland. The other train, the Over- 
land Express has Pullman Palace Sleeping Cars, Modern Day Coaches, and Free 
Family Sleeping Cars. From Kansas City two fast express trains leave daily with 
through cars for Denver, Cheyenne, Salt Lake City, and Portland. These trains 
have Pullman Palace Sleeping Cars and Modern Day Coaches. The morning 
train has the Free Family Sleeping Cars. The equipment of these trains is 
unsurpassed and all that can be desired. A good roadbed, standard-gauge 
track, steel rails, iron bridges, and stone culverts combined, insure safety and 
speed. 

The important points where connections are made are as follows: 

JuLESBURG, Colorado, five miles from the Colorado-Nebraska State line, 
where the Council Bluffs & Denver line branches off to Denver. 

Denver, Colorado, where the Colorado branches of the Union Pacific Rail- 
way connect for Idaho Springs, and important cities, resorts, and places in 
Colorado. 

Cheyenne, Wyoming, where the Kansas main line from Kansas City and 
the Denver Pacific main line from Denver to Cheyenne, join the Nebraska 
main line. 

Granger, Wyoming, where the Oregon Short Line branches off to Hunting- 
ton and Portland, Oregon. The trains, however, connect at Green River, 
thirty miles east of Granger, and are made up at that point. 

PoCATELLo, Idaho, where the Utah cS: Northern branch of the Union Pacific 
Railway connects with the main line for Butte, Garrison, and Helena. From 
Pocatello the Utah & Northern branch also diverges south to Ogden, Salt 
Lake City, and Garfield Beach. 

(14) 



FOR HEALTH AND PLEASURE. 15 

Beaver Canon, Idaho, on the Utah & Northern branch, where connection 
is made with Union Pacific stages for the Yellowstone National J'ark. 

Shoshone Station, Idaho, on the Oregon Short Line, where connection 
is made, via stage, for the great Shoshone Falls, and also where a branch of 
the Oregon Short Line makes connection for Hailey and Ketchum. 

Nampa, Idaho, where the Idaho Central Railroad connects with the Oregon 
Short Line for Boise City. 

Huntington, Oregon, where the junction of the Oregon Short Line branch 
of the Union Pacific Railway with the Oregon Railway & Navigation Com- 
pany, an auxiliary line of the Union Pacific Railway, is made for Portland. 

Ogden, Utah, where the Utah Central branch of the Union Pacific Railway 
connects with the main line, for Salt Lake City, Garfield Beach, Provo, Spanish 
Forks and Frisco, and also where the Central Pacific Railroad connects for 
Sacramento, Los Angeles, and San Francisco. 

Salt Lake City, Utah, where the Utah & Nevada branch of the Union 
Pacific Railway connects for Garfield Beach, on the shores of the Great Salt 
Lake. 



OUTLINE OF THE TRIP ACROSS THE CONTINENT. 

Leaving Council Bluffs via the Nebraska main line, and Kansas City via 
the Kansas main line, the two lines join at Cheyenne. The Kansas main line 
runs to Denver; and the trip from Denver to Cheyenne along the foothills 
of the Rocky Mountains affords the tourist a kaleidoscopic panorama of hills, 
fields, rivers, running brooks, and lofty mountains. Leaving Cheyenne the 
summit of the Rockies is passed at Sherman, elvation 8,235 ^^^U the highest 
point on the transcontinental ride between the Missouri River and the Pacific 
coast. Leaving Sherman, Ames' Monument and Hippopotamus Rock can be 
seen from the windows of the car. Dale Creek bridge, a wonderful structure 
over Dale Creek, is passed. Then comes Rawlins, Rock Springs, and GREEN 
RIVER. 



ROUTE TO PORTLAND, OREGON. 

At GREEN RIVER the trains for Portland, Oregon, are made up, although 
they do not make their departure from the main line over the Oregon Short 
Line until Granger is reached, thirty miles west of Green River, and the trip 
across the continent is continued over the Oregon Short Line, reaching out, as 
It does, to the great Northwest. The road goes along over moderate curves 
and grades, through pretty little valleys along the Bear River, until the great 



16 WESTERN RESORTS 

Territory of Idaho is entered at Border Station. Then on through Soda Springs 
and Pocatello — the junction with the Utah & Northern branch, for Butte', 
Garrison, and Helena; thence to Shoshone Station, where the junction is made 
for the great Shoshone Falls, via stage, and also for Hailey and Ketchum, via 
rail, over a branch of the Oregon Short Line ; thence from Shoshone Station 
the road stretches away through Nampa, where the junction is made with the 
Idaho Central for Boise City, nineteen miles distant ; thence on from Nampa, 
through Caldwell and Weiser to Huntington, just within Oregon, the terminus 
of the Oregon Short Line, where connection is made with the Oregon Railway 
& Navigation Company, one of the auxiliary lines of the Union Pacific Rail- 
way; thence from Huntington through Baker City, Union, La Grande, Pendle- 
ton, and Umatilla Junction to "The Dalles," which takes its name from the 
dalles of the Columbia. From this point on to East Portland the trip is one 
replete with scenic wonders. Arriving in Portland, which is the metropolis of 
the northwest Pacific coast, and a large, handsome, cosmopolitan city, the trip 
across the continent to Portland, Oregon, is complete, one of the grandest 
within the reach of the traveler. 

From Portland, magnificent ocean steamers depart for the far distant 
Orient. Fine steamers also ply over the broad bosom of the Pacific Ocean 
from Portland to Alaska, that wonderful Territory of the North. The Oregon 
Railway & Navigation Company's steamers, which compare favorably with the 
Atlantic steamships, make regular trips twice a week from Portland to San 
Francisco. 

ROUTE TO SAN FRANCISCO. 

From GREEN RIVER, the trip across the continent to San Francisco is 
continued. Three miles west of Green River is Fish Cut. Green River Buttes 
are objects of interest, and are within sight for miles. After passing Granger, 
Evanston is soon reached. At Wasatch Station, the summit of the Wasatch 
range of mountains is reached. The elevation is 6,812 feet, and at this point 
the road enters Echo Canon. Echo Creek, which runs through the canon, is 
crossed thirty-one times in twenty-six miles. Three and a half miles west of 
Wasatch, the train runs into a tunnel 900 feet long. One mile east of Castle 
Rock is a queer formation of rock resembling the ruins of an old castle. 
" Hangmg Rock " is what its name indicates. Two and a half miles west of 
Emory, on top of the bluff, is a rock called " Jack in the Pulpit,"' and further on 
can be seen the heights of Echo Canon, on top of which are the old Mormon 
fortifications. Then comes " Steamboat Rocks." Just before reaching Echo 
are seen the " Amphitheatre," " Pulpit Rocks," and " Bromley's Cathedral." At 
Echo Station, Weber Canon is entered. One and a half miles west of Echo 
can be seen the "Witch Rocks." Five miles further on is the 1,000-mile tree, 
and a mile further on is " Devil's Slide." Echo and Weber Canons compare 



FOR HEALTH AND PLEASURE. 17 

favorably with the celebrated Colorado canons. Three and a half miles west 
of Corydon, the canon broadens out, and to the left are noticed the first of the 
Mormon settlements. About one-half mile away, between Peterson and Uintah 
Station, " Devil's Gate " is to be seen, and shortly after the country widens into 
the Great Salt Lake Valley, when Ogden is reached. The first view of the val- 
ley after the surfeit of mountain scenery, is one of striking contrast, quiet and 
pleasant to the eye. Between Cheyenne and Ogden, about ten miles of snow 
sheds altogether are passed at different points on the line. These sheds are 
located between Granite Canon and Buford, Buford and Sherman, Sherman 
and Dale Creek, Dale Creek and Harney, Wilcox and Aurora, Carbon and 
Simpson, Simpson and Percy, and Piedmont and Aspen, all in Wyoming. 
These sheds are quite a feature of the ride across the continent, the Central 
Pacific Railroad having about thirty miles altogether on its line between Ogden 
and Sacramento. Ogden is 1,034 miles from Council Bluffs and 833 miles from 
San Francisco; the trip to Salt Lake City and Garfield Beach is made from 
this point. From Ogden, the trip is made over the Central Pacific Railroad, 
over great plains and through immense snow sheds, great mountain ranges and 
jagged foothills, until Reno is reached. 

Leaving Ogden, the train passes Promontory, which was intended to be the 
point of junction of the two roads forming the transcontinental route, namely, 
the Union and Central Pacific Railroads. Later, Ogden was decided upon as 
a compromise. 

The crowning scenes of the trip across Utah, Nevada and California are 
not reached until Reno is passed. Cape Horn, Emigrant Gap, the Sierra 
Nevadas, Donner Lake and other objects of more than ordinary interest will 
be found. Nevada is celebrated for her famous mines. The great mines of 
Virginia City and the Sutro Tunnel attract numerous visitors. The marvelous 
Carson and Humboldt sinks, in which the waters of all the rivers in the State 
of Nevada save one are swallowed, the Mud Lakes, the Bora.x marshes, and 
countless numbers of thermal springs, have been the wonder of the scientist 
and the delight of the tourist. One hundred and fifty-five miles from Reno is 
Sacramento, a beautiful city, and the capital of California. It is delightfully 
located upon the east bank of the Sacramento River, in the midst of the 
most productive grain fields, vineyards, and orchards in the world. The climate 
is delightful, and the surrounding country entrancing. 

P>om Sacramento, the Central Pacific Railroad branches off via Lathrop to 
Los Angeles, from which point the prominent cities and noted resorts of Cali- 
fornia are readily reached. From Sacramento, the Davis cut-off, now the main 
line of the Central Pacific road, takes the tourist through to Oakland, where a 
transfer is made across an arm of the bay to San Francisco, and here this part 
of the trip " Across the Continent " terminates at San Francisco, where old 
Sol, darkly red from his days' exertion, sinks to rest in the broad bosom of the 
Pacific Ocean. 




COLORADO POINTS. 



DENVER. 

DENVER IS the social and commercial centre, not alone of Colorado, but 
also of the outlying Territories, and is called the " Queen City of the 
Plains." Its elevation is 5,203 feet above the sea-level. It is the gate to 
the mineral and scenic phenomena that have made the Rocky Mountains famous. 
Ii addition to its other advantages, it has a peerless climate, more conducive to 
outdoor enjoyment than any other known locality. It is situated on the plains 
at the foot, and almost within the shadow, of the " Mighty Hills," which protect 
it alike from the extremes of summer and winter w^eather. The streets are long 
and level, and on either side are rows of shade trees — nourished by streams of 
running water — casting a shade alike upon the mansion and the cottage. There 
is not a paved street in the city, nor one in which the natural roadway has been 
improved, and there is no other city whose thoroughfares are as smooth and 
solid. Its hotels are excellent ; in fact they have all the improvements and 
modern conveniences possessed by the large hotels in the East, and the best 
ones would be first class even in Chicago, St. Louis, New York, or Boston. 

From Denver there is an unbroken view of the Rocky Mountains for nearly 
three hundred miles, reaching from beyond Long's Peak on the north to the 
historical summit of Pike's Peak on the south. This lovely mountain view is 
an everyday affair to the citizens of Denver, but nowhere in the world can its 
beauty and grandeur be surpassed. 

The Union Pacific Railway runs two solid trains each way daily between 
Council Bluffs and Denver, and two solid trains each way daily between Kansas 
City and Denver. 

IDAHO SPRINGS. 

Idaho Springs, 7,567 feet above the sea-level, is a beautiful place located in 
Clear Creek Canon. It is reached from Denver, via Golden, on the Colorado 
Central branch of the Union Pacific Railway. 

(18) 



FOR HEALTH AND PLEASURE. 19 

In SO far as nature equips resorts, Idaho Springs is the finest that the 
Rocky Mountains afford. It is thirty-eight miles from Denver, situated in a 
cup, as it were, formed by the receding, half-encircling sides of the cailon. The 
heights on either side are not rocky and rugged, but verdant and inviting. 
Sometimes deer are seen wandering through them, almost within sight of the 
hotels. The place has a population of over 2,000 people, and some of the 
cottages cling to the sides of the canon in a very unique and perplexing man- 
ner. The roads are level and smooth and lead to the most delightful retreats. 
The hotels are good, and society the best. Idaho Springs is so near Denver 
that many families from the latter city summer here, stopping either at its 
excellent hotels or at the adjoining cottages. 

The springs themselves are a great attraction, resting the wearied and heal- 
ing the sick. Hot and steaming they bubble and hiss from the ground, or icy 
cool they rise to the surface, and steal away in glassy streams. Besides the 
numerous private baths, there is also a mammoth swimming bath, in which a 
good swim may be enjoyed, as a current from the earth's bosom is continually 
flowing. The natural cavern, hot as a Turkish bathroom, is more effective 
than that penetrating bath. It boils impurities from the blood and aches from 
the bones. There seems to be life in it. The pool that the angel troubled in 
olden times never worked greater curative wonders. 

People drink the cool water with the same zest that they bathe in the warm, 
and with equally good results. It has everything that the delicate require, such 
as pure air, constant sunshine, and invigorating waters. An experienced and 
traveled physician has started a sanitarium at Idaho Springs, selecting it be- 
cause it has more days of sunshine in a year than any place within his 
knowledge. 

The following is an analysis of its hot waters : 

Carbonate of soda ... 52. Si 

Carbonate of lime 16 . 32 

Carbonate of magnesia 4-94 

Carbonate of iron 7.07 

Sulphate of soda 5034 

Sulphate of magnesia 32.09 

Chloride of sodium 7.13 

Silicate of soda C'-QQ 



Total 17769 

CLEAR CREEK CANON. 

Clear Creek Cafion is one of the wildest gorges in Colorado. Through the 
solid rock of this gorge has been blasted the roadbed of the Union Pacific Rail- 
way. It is the most accessible gorge of any in the State. In the days of stages 
and freight-wagons, it was used as a thoroughfare. The canon is only about 
one hour's ride from Denver, and it is reached from this city, via Golden, by 



20 WESTERN RESORTS 

the Colorado Central branch of the Union Pacific Railway. This division of 
the Union Pacific Raihva)-, until it reaches the foothills, lies through fields as 
green and farmhouses as pleasant as any that the older States can boast of. 

Leaving Denver Union Depot, the road winds along past Argo and Arvada 
to Golden, a pretty and thrifty place just fairly in the mountains. Its site is 
the bed of an ancient lake, which has left its smooth-washed boulders and water 
marks, the latter high in the air along the buttes. The road enters the canon 
a few miles west of Golden, and continues on up to Silver Plume and Graymont- 
Branching off at Forks Creek, where the passenger trains divide, one section 
hurries onward up to Central City along a branch of Clear Creek Canon, while 
the other continues along the canon to Georgetown. 

The caiion is a marvelous cliff worn through the solid rock by Clear Creek, 
dashing and roaring near the track, which crosses it at short intervals. Its 
sides, timeworn into a thousand grotesque forms, rise from 500 to 1,500 feet, 
making the sky look like a narrow strip. In places there are intersecting gul- 
lies, through which rivulets come silvering down, and the sunlight strikes across 
the sombre canon Trees grow thick in places, and crown a portion of the 
heights. At Beaver Brook there is a pavilion for dancing, and other accommo- 
dations for picnickers. 

From Forks Creek the railway branches off to Blackhawk and Central City, 
two towns really merging into one. They are but little over a mile apart in 
actual distance, yet to reach Central City from Blackhawk the train passes over 
four miles of marvelously constructed track, passing, as it rises, by the dumps 
of famous mines, and above crushing and grinding mills. From Central City 
there is a good stage line to Idaho Springs, so that these springs are also acces- 
sible from Central City, and the journey affords a view seldom surpassed. 

From Forks Creek the road winds along the main cafion, through Idaho 
Springs to Georgetown. This town is built on silver-bearing soil, and is sur- 
rounded on three sides by the mountains. It is strange to see this town of 
4,000 people, an animated gem in the setting of the Rockies, with long, roomy, 
stoneless streets and handsome residences. It has an altitude of 8,500 feet — 
considered an ideal height by many. Georgetown seems at first to be the end 
of Clear Creek Canon, but there is an opening beyond, and through it the road 
has forced its way. 

Green Lake is an emerald gem, sparkling in the sunlight, two miles away from 
Georgetown, and 2,000 feet higher. The lake is clear as crystal, but the basin 
that holds it is green, the sand in it is green, and the moss festoons it like a 
green veil. In places its depth is unknown, and its feeding springs have never 
been found. In its depths the gaunt limbs of skeleton trees, dead but erect, 
beckon from below the ripples on its surface, while trout glide through the 
branches where once the songster of the forest plumed its wings. At one end of 
the lake is the Battle Ground of the Gods, where, according to Indian legends, 
great boulders lie as the wrath of warring deities hurled them. Some of the 



FOR HEALTH AND PLEASURE. 21 

largest of these have formed the Cave of the Winds, through which the breezes 
dolefully sigh. 

After leaving Georgetown, the chief point of interest is "The Loop," and 
here it is that the real glories of the trip are appreciated. The mind can readily 
understand how a train may wind through a chasm. It is less easy, however, 
to realize how, beginning to rise along the side, the elevation continues until 
the tourist looks down upon a town, as it were in miniature. Continuing on its 
tortuous course, the train worms its way up a steep grade, carved and blasted 
through the rock, and skirts the sides of the mountains that lose their crests 
in snow. In the valley flows the little stream of Clear Creek. Past Devil's 
Gate and Bridal Veil Falls the engine curves and climbs. Looking directly 
above, a railroad track is seen on a high iron bridge over-spanning the track 
almost at right angles, but in the form of a crescent. The tourist wonder- 
ingly inquires, "What road is that above and how did it get there?" For a 
little way the track is comparatively straight; then it varies to the right, crosses 
the creek and starts down the valley, but still going up grade. For perhaps a 
quarter of a mile this continues. Then the creek is crossed again on a 
high iron bridge. Looking directly down, a track is seen below. Then the 
tourist wonders what track that is and how it got there. He looks again before 
satisfying himself that it is the same track he just passed over. He is now on 
the bridge up to which he was looking but a moment ago. He then realizes 
that he has just ridden over an immense loop — one of four in existence. There 
IS one on the Southern Pacific, one in Switzerland, and one in the Andes of 
South America, but this is the most complex of them all. The bridge just 
crossed is 300 feet long and 86 high. From Georgetown it can be seen one 
way, nestled in the mountains; looking at it from the other way there seems to 
be nothing but a confusion of tracks. 

It is. a remarkable climb from here to the Big Fill, which is seventy-six 
feet high, but too sharp a curve to admit of a bridge, and comes near being a 
duplication of the "The Loop." Georgetown is still in sight beyond the three 
parallel tracks of "The Loop." Looking down the final curve there is a wealth 
of track, but it dodges hither and thither, no portion, seemingly, having any 
special relation to its neighbor ; occasionally the entire trackage comes into 
view at once. 

After passing* "The Loop" and Silver Plume, Graymont, the terminus of 
the railway, is reached. The tourist must not neglect to make this trip, as it is 
one of the most celebrated in America. 

PLATTE CANON. 

Twenty miles from Denver, on the South Park branch, is Platte Canon, 
and through this sinuous rift in the mountains rushes the Platte River, 
dancing out of its shadowy channel into the full light of the valley. The 



22 WESTERN RESORTS 

South Park branch of the Union Pacific Railway, which is the short Hne 
to Leadville and the Gunnison country, enters the canon where the river 
leaves it. The general aspect is much like that of Clear Creek Canon, 
and It is a friendly rival. It is the same in being a rocky chasm, its bed a 
rushing stream, but different in its wild contour. To reach Platte Canon, the 
trains on the South Park division of the Union Pacific Railway pass through 
the western suburbs of Denver, skirting the wooded banks of the Platte, and 
twenty miles out, just where the river dances into the sunlight, enter the gloomy 
canon between lofty and forbidding walls, which continue for fifty miles, re- 
ceeding at times to make room for picturesque little hamlets like Buffalo, Pine 
Grove, Cassells, Slaghts, and Grant. At all of these places tourists can be 
accommodated and trout and game abound. 

At times the train seems about to dash against the face of the cliff, but fol- 
lowing the heavy steel rails, it turns suddenly and passes by in safety. The 
way through the canon is a series of graceful curves, close to the overhanging 
rocks, often crossing the turbulent Platte River. In places the tops of the 
canon almost seem to touch and exclude the sun. The canon is a geological 
study ; the different formations and the terrific force which have combined 
them tell their own stories. 

Dome Rock is like the top of a buried mosque and is as regular in shape 
as if fashioned by the hand of man, except that one side is partly broken away. 
Cathedral Spires are in sight for miles, despite the winding of the cafion, and 
keep reappearing long after they are passed. 

This canon affords fine opportunities for camping out. There is shade in 
plenty, trout, game, and bathing, and good board to be had at neighboring 
houses. But the best way is to live in a tent, and hire a servant to do the 
cooking. This is especially commended to the invalid tourist. There are fifty 
miles of this varying panorama, and after the train climbs Kenosha Hill, South 
Park is seen stretching away, one vast and level picture, as different from the 
canon as night is from day. 

BOULDER CANON. 

Boulder Canon is reached from Denver via the Colorado Central branch of 
the Union Pacific Railway to Boulder. From Boulder a narrow-gauge road 
has been built into Boulder Caiion by the Union Pacific Railway. This caiion 
can favorably compare with Clear Creek and Platte Canons, yet it does not 
equal them in length, massiveness, nor height. In one place, a perfect image 
of Minnehaha comes dashing down from amid evergreen sides, and this spot 
has long been a rendezvous for picnic excursions. 

The road, on leaving the town of Boulder, passes through a beautiful grove, 
and continues on by Baldwin, Four Mile Canon, and Gold Hill, until it reaches 
Penn's Gulch, now known as Sunset. Just before arriving at Sunset, an 



FOR HEALTH AND PLEASURE. 23 

upward glance reveals the high range of mountains, but passing that, the ascent 
is much like that of Kenosha Hill in the South Park, affording, if possible, a 
much finer view. It's a glorious mount of the range, with sweeping, rock- 
bound curves, each one bringing the visitor nearer the summit. The valley, 
with its wavering hills, is receding. The view from the summit is pronounced 
by Mr. Jackson the finest in (Colorado. The end of the curve is seven and a half 
miles from Sunset. In that distance there is a marvelous rise of many feet. 
The end of this grade, after all its meanderings, is visible from Sunset. Sunset 
is an acquisition to the excursionist ; Boulder was good before, but with the 
new adjunct, is doubly so. The altitude of Sunset is 7,731 feet. The view 
around Sunset is glorious. On every hand the mountains are glistening with 
snow. Peak rises above peak with majesty unspeakable ; yet wearying of 
these, the eye may turn and be rested by the vastness of the plains and thr 
intervening hills. 

Boulder is forty-seven miles from Denver on the broad-gauge Colorado 
Central, a branch of the Union Pacific Railway, although the cut-off via Argo 
and C. C. junctions make it only twenty-nine miles. It can also be reached 
from Denver via Golden or via Brighton. Its altitude is 5,331 feet, and it has 
a population of over 4,000. It has good hotels and is a fine summering place. 
Boulder is the county seat of Boulder County, and a key to the caiion of the 
same name. It is situated just at the junctiou of the foothills with the plains, thus 
enjoying the cool breezes from the mountains, while on the other hand stretch 
away green and fertile acres for cattle and crops. Underneath these acres are 
vast deposits of coal and precious metals, which combine to make Boulder an 
important mining centre. Within a few miles of the town are many pretty lakes, 
dotted with water-fowl. The Seltzer Springs, of Springdale, are ten miles 
northwest. The waters from these springs are steadily growing in popularity, 
and are among the best mineral waters in Colorado. Along Jim Creek is the 
attractive little glen in which they are found, amidst a dense forest of pines, 
through which runs a fine carriage road. Stages run daily from Boulder to 
this point, where there are good hotels and excellent accommodations. 



GRAY'S PEAK. 

Gray's Peak is reached from Denver through Clear Creek Canon, via 
Golden, Forks Creek, Idaho Springs, Georgetown, and Silver Plume to Gray- 
mont, the terminus of the railway, from which station the ascent must be made. 

This peak is hidden by intervening mountains from the view at Graymont, 
the station where horses are taken for its ascent. There is a cozy little hotel 
here, with plenty of safe horses and guides, but the trail is so easy that a child 
could almost lead the way. Gray's is higher than Pike's or Long's Peak, 
and Blanca only exceeds it by a few feet in height. Mounting after breakfast, 



24 WESTERN RESORTS 

after a sharp turn to the left, an earnest climb begins that continues over ridge 
and wooded gullies for two miles. The road has now dwindled to a path. On 
the left are abrupt heights, to which cling the lonely cabins of miners. The 
tunnels above them appear to have no greater circumference than rabbit holes. 
The trail leads across grassy-banked rivulets and blooming knolls past Kelso 
Mountain; then, rounding the hill, Gray's Peak looms up unobscured for the 
first time. Gray's Peak is not rough and chasmed, but its vastness seems all 
the greater, for the reason that it has preserved such a geological calm, and 
now, like a monarch, mighty in its superiority, looks down upon its fellows, 
sending the morning shadow of its greatness far on to the Pacific slope, and 
its evening profile toward the remote Atlantic. It is a mass, dread and awful. 
The air is rare and clear. Snow is piled about in eternal drifts, and below 
each drift, drawing its life from the exuding dampness, is a bed of flowers. 
Strange anomaly! Winter's hoary locks decked with the buds of June. Vege- 
tation is soon left behind, except here and there a hardy plant, rooted in the 
rocks. The trail ahead is seen on a series of inclined plains to the very crest, 
going backward and forward, but always rising. The hills and cliffs, which 
seemed so lofty, are now far below, and the lesser mountains are left behind, 
the only one unconquered being Gray's Peak. A wavering line stretches back 
to the valley, and the tourist wonders vaguely if that is the trail he has just come 
over. The horse pants as he takes the last turn, his shoes clink upon the gran- 
ite jewels of the continental crown, and Gray's Peak is beneath you. The sea 
is 14,441 feet below your level. Hats off I The Genius of this sublime soli- 
itude demands homage. 

They who have traversed the globe say that it affords but one such pros- 
pect. A pictured landscape so mighty in conception that it overpowers, yet 
harmonious as an anthem in all its infinite diffusion of color and form, framed 
only by the limit of the eye's vision — a picture where the lakes gleam and the 
rivers flow — where the trees nod and the cloud-ships clash in mystic collision 
with the peaks that have invaded their realm, while the moving sun floods it 
with real life and warmth. 

That which is beheld in silence, who shall describe ? Below is the kingly 
monument meeting the heavens and declaring with them the glory of God. In 
every direction spurs of the Rocky Mountains bewilder the eye till remoteness 
swallows them up. Pike's Peak is a neighbor; Lincoln's and Long's seem near. 
The smoke of a score of towns is seen. Every park in the State may be 
located. Rivers are traced from source to mouth. Eastward are the plains — 
a waterless ocean — each town a fleet, each house a sail, each grove an island. 
A dozen peaks over 14,000 feet high are seen. The Holy Cross, like a sacred 
seal, glints in the sunlight miles and miles away. The Uintah Mountains, in 
Utah, are faint but distinct; and so are the Spanish Peaks, which keep watch 
at the line between Colorado and New Mexico. To see the sun rise here is a 
tourist's triumph. To do this, Graymont must be left at i o'clock a. m. 



FOR HEALTH AND PLEASURE. 25 

Scaling the path by moonlight, fording noisy and dimly seen streams, or plung- 
ing into the darkness of the pines, is a novel experience. Gradually the stars 
fade out and Gray's Peak, the grim, granite monarch, shines with a borrowed 
luster, giving back faintly the glow of coming morning. A thousand mount- 
ains turn rosy before Aurora's approach, and then burst into a radiance of 
responsive greeting as she asserts full sway. The valley below is covered up 
in darkness, for the light that quenced the stars has not yet fallen upon it. 
The landscape, at first but a vast expanse without shape or limit, resolves itself 
into an army of mountains, gathered in stupendous array about the Dome of 
the Continent. 

Imagine a view such as the flying bird has — seen with human vision — which 
comprehends the true and the beautiful, whether found in the realm of nature or 
of art. Imagine the heavens divinely painted; the earth striving to give back its 
color; the concourse of peaks meeting the clouds, and the valleys stretching 
between developing upon the sight, such as the image thrown by a monster 
stereopticon, as the morning light comes over the heights upon this scene. 

Gray's Peak is Colorado's finest attraction. It is the highest point accessible 
by horse, and commands the most unapproachable view. 



POINTS ABOUT THE COLORADO PARKS. 

To fully understand the Colorado parks they must be seen. No description 
can do them justice, and neither the skill of a Bierstadt or Moran could picture 
their pure atmosphere — so like a breath from paradise — nor reproduce their 
beauteous colors and forms. In the city a park is a huge square, with trees in 
checker-board primness, where 

The sign, " Keep off the Grass," 

Is enforced by policemen in blue and brass. 

The lakes have fish as tame as chickens; the animals are in cages, and are 
neither attractive nor natural ! But how different a mountain park ! The range 
kindly parts to give it room, and shields it in its great arms. There are grassy 
hills and dales where feed the noblest game, and trees which shelter birds of 
plumage and song. The lakes — some of them miles in length — are rippled 
by the coming and going of ducks and geese. The streams bear along, eager 
for the bait of the angler, their speckled loads of trout, most delicious as they 
brown over the evening's coals. There are no precise graveled walks, and no 
elaborate fountains, but the footfall is lost on the turf, and springs gush forth 
with sparkling tune to gladden the thirsty with a liquid such as never ran 
through the rusty pipes of a city. The altitude gives coolness without chill, 
and warmth without oppressive heat. 



26 WESTERN RESORTS 

ESTES PARK. 

Estes Park is easily reached from Denver, via Loveland, on the Denver, 
Arkins & Fort Collins branch of the Union Pacific Railway, and a stage line 
which runs daily, except Sunday, from Loveland to the park. 

Estes Park is pronounced the most beautiful of Colorado parks. It lies 
about sixty miles from Denver, at the foot of Long's Peak. The park is ten 
miles square, and its elevation is 8,000 feet above the sea-level. It is a wild 
and incomparable spot. Dinner is taken at Rattlesnake Park about noon, after 
a drive over one of the most beautiful and picturesque of mountain roads. The 
park is reached about 5 o'clock in the afternoon. The stage ride itself, with 
its beautiful views, is alone worth the trip. At one point on the line o\''er 
thirty-five lakes on the plains and among the foothills are in view from the 
coach. 

From the top of Bald Mountain and Pole Hill views can be had of the val- 
leys of the Cache La Poudre, Big Thompson, and St. Vrain. The view of 
Estes Park and Snowy Range from Park Hill, just before descending into the 
park, is one of the grandest scenes in the Rocky Mountains. There are plenty 
of accommodations of every kind, and prices are reasonable. There are beau- 
tiful glades and odorous pines, numerous lakes, and game and trout in plenty. 

NORTH PARK. 

North Park is reached from Denver, via the Denver, Arkins & Fort Collins 
branch of the Union Pacific Railway to Fort Collins, a thrifty and attractive 
little town seventy-seven miles from Denver, and by stage from Fort Collins to 
the park. North Park can also be reached by stage from Laramie, Wyoming, 
on the main line of the Union Pacific Railway. The road from Fort Collins to the 
park goes through the world-famous Cache La Poudre region, where the hunt- 
ing and fishing can not be excelled. North Park is Colorado's best hunting 
field. It is rugged in places, and vast. Its dimensions are seventy-five by fifty 
miles, with an elevation of 9,000 feet above the sea-level. The jagged spires 
of the Rockies, clothed with perpetual snow, look down upon the park from an 
elevation of some 14,000 feet. There are mineral springs, in stony basins, bub- 
bling up icy cool from an unknown depth. In autumn the larger game comes 
down to join the grouse, quail, squirrel, and rabbit. A summer in North Park 
can be very pleasantly spent. 

MIDDLE PARK. 

Middle Park is best reached from Denver, via the Colorado Central branch 
of the Union Pacific Railway, through Georgetown or Sunset, and by stage 
from either place to the park. The road from Georgetown, however, is the best 
and most generally preferred. It is a notable ride by rail and stage. 



FOR HEALTH AND PLEASURE. 27 

Middle Park is like North Park, only larger, with more and larger hills and 
wider dales and streams of grander sweep. The elevation is about 8,000 feet. 

From Georgetown to Hot Sulphur Springs is forty-six miles, just a day's 
journey. This is the scenic centre of the park. Never had nymphs of the 
wood a bathing place more charming. The water is hot or cold, clear or sul- 
phur charged. Lave in its waters, and the aches and pains which flesh is heir 
to rapidly disappear. The slopes of the Grand, Fraser, Blue, and Trouble- 
some mountains, abound in feathered and other game. Elk in particular are 
plenty. 

SOUTH PARK. 

South Park is best reached from Denver, via the Denver & South Park 
branch of the Union Pacific Railway to Kenosha, seventy-six miles from Den- 
ver, or to Como, eighty-eight miles from Denver. Both of these places are 
in the park, and there are stage lines to different points of interest. The park 
is about fifty miles in length and from ten to twenty miles in width, and its 
elevation is about 10,000 feet above the level of the sea. South Park is in itself 
a magnificent domain. It is not so rugged as the other parks, being more of 
a level plateau. It is bordered on the east by a heavily timbered range some 
2,000 feet above the park, while to the west the Snowy Range extends as far as 
the eye can reach. In this range, in plain view, are a number of the highest 
peaks in Colorado. One of the most noted mountains is the Mount of the 
Holy Cross, which can be seen from Robinson Station, a few miles from Lead- 
ville. This is one of Colorado's wonders. The elevation of this mountain is 
14,176 feet above the sea-level. 

Quoting from Mr. Ernest Ingersoll : " It is the Mount of the Holy Cross, 
bearing the sacred symbol in such heroic characters as dwarf all human graving, 
and set on the pinnacle of the world as though in sign of possession forever. 
The Jesuits went hand in hand with the Chevalier Dubois, proclaiming Christian 
Gospel in the northern forests ; the Puritan brought his Testament to New 
England; the Spanish banners of victory on the golden shores of the Pacific 
were upheld by the fiery zeal of the friars of San Francisco ; the frozen Alaskan 
cliffs resounded to the chanting of the monks of St. Peter and St. Paul. On 
every side the virgin continent was taken in the name of Christ, and with all 
the eclat of religious conquest. Yet from ages unnumbered before any of them, 
centuries oblivious in the mystery of past time, the cross had been planted 
here. As a prophecy during unmeasured generations, as a sign of glorious 
fulfillment during nineteen centuries, from always and to eternity a reminder of 
our fealty to heaven, this divine seal has been set upon our proudest em- 
inence." 

This wonderful park can be seen from the line of the South Park branch of 
the Union Pacific Railway for a distance of nearly forty miles. The road just 



28 WESTERN RESORTS 

skirts the park, so that the view extends clear over it. South Park is soft in 
coloring, magnificent in its sweep of distance, clothed in summer's velvet, 
trimmed with the ermine of never-melting snow, shaded by promontory, and 
flecked by countless herds of cattle. It is one of nature's masterpieces, and to 
those who love the quiet of beauty rather than its ruggedness, nothing will be 
found more impressive. 

ALPINE TUNNEL. 

Alpine Tunnel is on the line of the South Park branch of the Union Pacific 
Railway between St. Elmo and Gunnison. Leaving St. Elmo for Gunnison, 
the little town of Hancock is passed, and then a long, slanting tangent leads to 
a lofty hole in the mountain. On a little farther, and a plunge is taken into 
the blackness of Alpine Tunnel, shooting through the rocks at a height of 
11,623 feet. Snow lies in perpetual banks on either side, but flowers bright 
and fragrant fill the frosty air with their perfume, and light it with their colors. 
Somewhere along the way the seasons clasp hands; for, though it be summer 
in the valley, it is not summer here — only that these flowery tokens sweetly 
defy the nipping chill. Except in the South American Andes, this tunnel is 
the highest railroad point ever attained. The tourist enters from the Atlantic 
slope, and emerges upon the Pacific. The point of change is in the centre, and 
the impetus tells the moment it is crossed. The engine, just before goaded to 
its work, has now to be held in severe check by the engineer. Two drops of 
water, such as continually fall from the roof, are hanging but half an inch 
apart. Trembling in the cold and blackness, they loosen their tiny hold and 
patter down. They were neighbors; but after hesitating a second, each starts 
with its fellows, and when they finally reach the ocean there is the span of a 
continent between them. The actual length of the tunnel, aside from its ap- 
proaches, is 1,773 f^6t- The 70,000 linear feet of California redwood lining 
was brought up on pack horses over trails which had known the touch of no 
hoof save that of the mountain sheep, and where man himself had scarce dared 
to venture. Operations were carried on from both ends, and despite the curv- 
ature, when the respective gangs first caught the flash of the other's lamps, they 
were less than one inch out of the line the engineer had mapped out for them. 
The great expense was only warranted by the greatness of the country, which 
is now fastened to the outer world by this link of darkness. After passing the 
tunnel, on the way to Gunnison, the Palisades, Quartz Valley, San Juan, Un- 
compaghre. Hair Pin Curve, and Juanita Hot Springs are objects of interest 
which the tourist should see. 

LEADVILLE. 

Leadville is best reached from Denver over the South Park division of the 
Union Pacific Railway, and from there the distance is 151 miles. The altitude 



FOR HEALTH AND PLEASURE. 29 

of Leadville is 10,200 feet above the level of the sea. The climate in winter 
is much milder than that of the Middle or Eastern States. The population is 
over 20,000. Leadville is one of the largest mining camps in the world, and 
within a decade, has grown from a mere cluster of miners' cabins to a cosmo- 
politan city possessing all the conveniences of an older place, with gas, electric 
lights, fine business blocks, elegant private residences, churches, banks, theatres, 
and good hotels. In fact, Leadville is one of the wonders of the nineteenth 
century. A visit to Colorado without a sight of Leadville is incomplete, as 
there is much to inspect in the noted mines and smelters, aside from the charm- 
mg scenery. Evergreen Lakes are readily reached by a stage drive of six 
miles over a good road, and Twin Lakes are also accessible. 



GUNNISON. 

Gunnison is a busy little city of 3,000 souls. Its coal supplies are inexhaustible, 
while gold and silver underlie its hills. As the site for immense steel works, 
its future is assured. Already it boasts of gas and water works, and such a 
hotel as would be first class in any city. Gunnison is a good rendezvous for 
hunting and fishing parties. 



COLORADO EXCURSIONS. 

Colorado resorts situated on the line of the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad, 
such as Manitou, Colorado Springs, Poncha Hot Springs, Durango, Wagon 
Wheel Gap, Salida, and Pueblo, can also be reached over the L'nion Pacific 
Railway, from Kansas City or Council Bluffs to Denver and thence by the 
Denver & Rio Grande Railroad. 

Below is a partial list of excursions w-hich may be made over the Colorado 
Central and South Park branches of the Union Pacific Railway from Denver. 

COLORADO CENTRAL DIVISION. 

Idaho Springs and return. 

Boulder and return. 

Sunset and return. 

Estes Park and return, via Loveland and stage. 

Middle Park and return, via Georgetown and stage to Hot Sulphur 
Springs — one day's ride each way. 

Central City and return. 

Central City to Idaho Springs and return, via stage from Central City to 
Idaho Springs, or vice versa. 

Georgetown and return, taking in Devil's (Sate, Bridal Veil, and Green Lake. 

Graymont and return. 



30 WESTERN RESORTS 

Gray's Peak and return, via Graymont, from which place horses and guides 
can be had to the summit. 

North Park and return, via Loveland and stage. 

SOUTH PARK DIVISION. 

Points as far as Webster and return. Delightful fishing is found along the 
Platte Canon and accommodations at every stopping place. 

Kenosha and return. Trains pass at Kenosha, overlooking South Park 
10,000 feet above the level of the sea. 

South Park and return, via Kenosha. 

Breckinridge and return, taking in Como and Boreas. Boreas has an altitude 
of 11,498 feet. 

Leadville and return. 

Buena Vista and return. 

Pitkin and return, passing Alpine Tunnel, 11,623 f^ct above the sea. 

Gunnison and return 

COMBINATION ROUTES. 

Leadville, over the South Park branch of the Union Pacific Railway, and 
return via the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad. 

Gunnison, over the South Park branch of the Union Pacific Railway, and 
return via the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad. 

Special excursion rates of about two cents per mile are made to cover these 
trips. 




"^k's.v-. 



=^^mJfmmm'^ii^i^J^f, w»,>,|^^^|rW-|Uii 




WYOMING POINTS. 



WYOMING was organized as a Territory under an act of Congress 
passed July 25, 186S, and derives its name from the historical 
Wyoming Valley, of Pennsylvania, the scene of a barbarous 
massacre just after the American Revolution of 1776. 

This Territory is as yet but sparsely settled, yet in natural resourses it is 
behind no section of America. It has broad, fertile acres, inexhaustible coal 
mines, is rich in minerals, stone, soda, oil, and timber. The tourist who passes 
through it must not base his judgment on the view from the car window. 
Remember that Yellowstone National Park itself is in Wyoming. There are 
soda lakes near Laramie and Rawlins, immense hot springs near Camp Ground, 
and warm springs near Fort Steele. For the hunter it is an ideal hunting 
ground, containing all manner of game, from cotton-tails to grizzly bears. 



CHEYENNE. 

Cheyenne, 6,038 feet in altitude, with a population of about 10,000, is one 
of the sprightliest and most prosperous cities in the entire West. It is well 
and compactly built, and for many years has been the centre of the cattle 
industry of the Northwest. Cheyenne has been a wild town, but is now a 
well regulated city with many fine stores and handsome residences. It consti- 
tuted, for a long time, the outpost of civilization, becoming embodied in the 
legends of border life, and is a place of rare historical interest. Five miles 
from the city is Fort Russel, one of the largest military posts in the West. 



SHERMAN, 

A small station just west of Cheyenne, at an elevation of 8,235 ^^et, is the 
loftiest point in the transcontinental ride. From Sherman can be seen Long's 

(81) 



32 WESTERN RESORTS 

Peak, nearly 200 miles away, and the Ames' Monument, a pyramidal granite 
structure sixty-five feet in height, with a base of sixty feet square, which was 
erected by the Union Pacific Company to the memory of the Ames Brothers, 
to whom the completion of the Union Pacific Railway was largely due. Hip- 
popotamus Rock is one of the sights of the vicinity. The scenery is wild and 
rugged. Just beyond Sherman is Dale Creek bridge, one of the most remark- 
able sights of the overland trip. The structure is of iron, and stretches from 
bluff to bluff with a 650-foot span. The train passes over it just 127 feet above 
the creek, which looks like a mere rivulet below. Pike's Peak can be seen away 
off to the south, not less than 165 miles distant. The Red Buttes, an object of 
interest to the tourist, lie just beyond. 

LARAMIE. 

Laramie, often called the " Gem City of the Rockies," has an elevation of 
7,137 feet above sea-level, and a population of about 6,000. It is one of the 
principal towns on the main line of the Union Pacific Railway between Council 
Bluffs and Ogden. It is situated on Big Laramie River, fifty-seven miles north- 
west of Cheyenne, and is an important market for wool. Its schools are good, 
and the University of Wyoming and the United States Penitentiary are located 
here. Just southeast of the town is located the Territorial fish hatchery, at 
Soldier Springs. This has a capacity of hatching half a million trout at a time, 
and with these the streams and lakes of Wyoming are being rapidly stocked 
with the finest food-fish in the world. From Laramie there is a stage line, dur- 
ing the summer months, to North Park, Colorado. 

GREEN RIVER. 

There are many objects of interest in and around Green River, among 
which are the peculiar clay buttes, by which it is surrounded. The coal mines 
of Rock Springs and Carbon, a few miles east of Green River, are well worth 
a visit from the tourist. The quality of the coal is excellent, and is used by 
the Union Pacific Railway on its engines. It is at this point that the trains are 
made up for Portland, Oregon, although they do not leave the main line until 
Granger is reached, a few miles farther west. 

EVANSTON. 

Evanston, just west of Laramie, is another prosperous town, with a popula- 
tion of about 3,000 people, and an elevation of 6,747 feet above the sea-level. 
There is in this locality much to interest the hunter, the tourist, and the scien- 
tist. It is not far to the resorts of large game. The formation of the country 



FOR HEALTH AND PLEASURE, 33 

is a peculiar one, it being broken, distorted, and worn into the most fantastic 
shapes. There are strong indications of precious metals, and a great wealth of 
coal and building materials. Near Evanston are a series of cool mineral springs 
that gush forth from a stratum of limestone with an abundant flow. Evanston 
is also a military post. 

YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 

The park occupies the northwestern corner of Wyoming, extending slightly 
into Idaho and Montana. It is readily reached from Pocatello, by the Utah & 
Northern division of the Union Pacific Railway, via Beaver Canon, Idaho, and 
thence by stage to Fire Hole Basin, in the park. Near Beaver Canon are the 
Three Tetons overlooking Yellowstone Park, keeping, as it were, silent guard 
from their lofty heights over the National gift. 

When Yellowstone National Park was set aside to be forever the grand tour- 
ist resort of the people, and their common property, few had an idea of the 
endless variety and stupendous grandeur of the features embraced in this tract 
of country, fifty-five by sixty-five miles. The park embraces an area of 3,000 
square miles, has an average elevation of about 8,000 feet above sea-level, and 
is encircled by magnificent mountain ranges. 

From Beaver Canon the Union Pacific runs a fine line of stages to Fire 
Hole Basin, in the park, 100 miles distant. The stage ride from Beaver Caiion 
to Fire Hole Basin lies through a series of wonders, passing by Henry Lake, 
with its grassy shores that lie 3,000 feet below the peaks reflected in it. Saw- 
telle Mountain is full of darkly splendid caves. Cliff Lake is ten miles away. 
The plummet has been dropped 1,400 feet into its depths but found no bottom. 
Hunting and fishing in this vicinity will amply repay the sportsman, though he 
comes from over the ocean. Bowling over Tyghee Pass and into the luxuriant 
meadows of the Upper Madison Valley, the tourist overlooks a wilderness of 
pine-clothed heights and depths. Fifteen miles and the South Fork of the 
Madison River is crossed, a mile from the entrance of the park; once inside of 
which, the tourist is on Madison Terrace, a beautiful natural drive. There 
the tourist strikes a spur of Madison Range for Fire Hole Basin, from which 
roads reach to every attraction the park affords. From the summit there is 
another of these matchless views, including Madison Basin and the river as it 
winds for thirty miles in and out of sight. From Fire Hole Basin there are 
seen pillars of clouds showing where the springs and geyers are. Geyser Mead- 
ows are two miles away. Here are several geysers which throw their torrents 
twenty-five feet, or higher. Dome Spring is at the top of a calcareous deposit 
of livid colors, and some of its neighbors are similarly situated. " Queen 
Laundry" is a spring, whose waters will almost instantly cleanse even the dirtiest 
saddle blanket, and which finally drop into a basin at delightful bathing tempera- 
ture. Fairy Creek Falls jump 250 feet over an adjacent cliff. With these 



34 WESTERN RESORTS 

spouting, leaping novelties all about, Midway Geyser Basin is reached five miles 
from Fire Hole Basin. Here are the grandest hot springs in the world. The 
overflow of hot water comes from the Great Spring, the equal of which no human 
eye ever saw. This aperture is 250 feet across and is walled in by sides thirty 
feet high. The surface is in constant turmoil, and the rising steam scalds the in- 
cautious. A glance into the gulf causes a shudder. Only a few yards away 
there is a cold fount twenty-five feet in diameter, filling an elaborately chased 
basin of unknown depth. Near by are the Chalk Vats, bubbling and spurt- 
ing their mushy compound, and throwing out splashes of it which vary from 
a snowy white to a bright pink. 

Upper Geyser Basin, ten miles from Fire Hole Basin, is the seat of the ten 
largest geysers ever discovered, beside which those of Iceland are trifling. There 
is a charming grove within a stone's throw of Castle Geyser, which begins to give 
vent to its pent up force in muttered thunder, and then its flood shoots over 
the cone, first a spurt, then a stream; then, with a shaking of the earth and a 
roar of a tempest, a river bounds upward like a rocket, submerging broad acres 
with the descent of its boiling flood. Half a mile away, "Old Faithful " spouts 
every fifty-seven minutes, throwing a stream several feet in diameter to a height 
of 200 feet. Across the river is the "Bee Hive," whose fountain flies 200 feet 
in the air, forming a crystal arch beautiful in the sunlight. "The Giantess" 
has a crater eighteen by fifteen feet in diameter, belching forth such a volume 
as doubles the amount of water in Fire Hole River, here twenty feet in width 
and a foot deep. There is a thrill, a groan, a tremor, dense volumes of steam, 
a rolling and clashing of unseen waves, and a deafening boom as an immense 
body of water is hurled upward to the sky, its extreme jet reaching 250 feet 
above the earth. 

Next is Gibbon Falls, where, in a wildwood tangle, they drop 150 feet; then 
Gibbon Canon, with its sides 2,000 feet high, from which the tourist emerges 
into Elk Park. In the defile is heard a boom, boom, boom, that never ceases, 
and from an orifice in the rock comes s!eam in regular puffs as the pulsation of 
a great waste pipe of an engine. Monument Geyser and the famous Paint 
Pots, with their various and vivid hues, are near by. Norris Geyser Basin is 
the next in order. It is the oldest basin in the park, the hottest and most 
dangerous for pedestrians. To the right is Mammoth Geyser; when at rest 
a peep may be had into its gaping throat, and its blood-chilling gurgle can be 
distinctly heard. 

Yellowstone Lake is twenty-five miles from Fire Hole Basin. The altitude 
of this lake is 7,788 feet. It is thirty miles long and ten to fifteen wide, with 
numerous islands. 

The Natural Bridge of Rock spans Bridge Creek at a height of forty feet 
and affords carriage room. Down the river twelve miles is Devil's Den; east 
of this is Mud Volcano. Brimstone Mountain is three miles below. Here 
pure sulphur is shoveled up by the wagon-load. 



FOR HEALTH AND PLEASURE. 35 

The Upper Falls of the Yellowstone are reached by an easy trail. Here the 
rapids narrow to less than loo feet, and the overhanging rocks press so closely 
together that a bridge could be easily thrown across. The water eddies and 
cascades, and then flies downward 397 feet, while the grandest cafion of the 
world stretches away 1,500 feet below. The mind cannot grasp that cafion; 
words cannot paint it; it glows with a life of its own, and with colors of its 
own, or born of the sun and the spray. Tower Falls and Cauon are twenty 
miles from this charming spot. Specimen Mountain is forty miles from Fire 
Hole Basin. It is covered with agate, once wood, stone snakes and fishes, with 
crystals and petrified roots, while the view from the summit is sublime. 

And this is Yellowstone National Park. Words cannot convey a proper 
realization of its grandeur and magnificence. Nowhere else in America are 
there such superb views as the park affords; nowhere else such an abund- 
ance of finny game; nowhere else such myriads of wild fowl; nowhere else 
such a delightful camping place or more perfect weather. 

This route, with Fire Hole Basin as a centre, brings the tourist near the 
leading attractions. 

From Fire Hole Basin — 
. The Falls of the Madison are six miles. 

Mouth of the Gibbon, ten miles. 

Foot of Madison Caiion, eighteen miles. 

Falls and Cailon of the Gibbon, thirteen miles. 

Monument Geyser, eighteen miles. 

Lower Geyser Basin, two miles. 

Midway Geyser Basin, five miles. 

Upper Geyser Basin, ten miles. 

Yellowstone Lake, twenty-five miles. 

Yellowstone Falls and Canon, thirty-five miles. 

Remember this route, via the Union Pacific Railway from either Council 
Bluffs or Kansas City, via Cheyenne, Green River, Granger, and Pocatello, to 
Beaver Canon, and thence via stage to Fire Hole Basin. 




^<::^ 




IDAHO POINTS. 



SHOSHONE. 

FROM Shoshone Station, which has a population of some 2,000 people, and 
fair accommodations for the traveler, there is a branch of the Oregon 
Short Line of the Union Pacific Railway running to Bellevue, Hailey, 
and Ketchum, the principal towns of the famous Wood River region. It will 
pay the tourist to make a digression from the through line to Portland here, 
in order to visit this section, which possesses one of the richest silver mines in 
the world, and is as yet but little explored. It has a fine climate and plenty of 
game. 

HAILEY. 

Hailey is situated just where Quigley and Croy Gulches unite with the Wood 
River Valley, the junction affording a fine view in four directions, embracing 
well-cultivated ranches, and ending with the foothills. The climate is mild 
and even, and the roads stretching away on all sides are perfect. The mines 
at Hailey possess much of interest to the tourist, and a good hotel furnishes 
accommodations. The Hot Sulphur Springs here possess unusually good qual- 
ities. There are two large swimming-baths, one for ladies and one for gentlemen. 
The largest hospital of Alturas County is near. A two-mile drive from Hailey 
takes the tourist to the beautiful valley of Croy Gulch, with an altitude of about 
5,300 feet. The Bolton Hot Springs, five miles from Hailey, are also very 
efficacious in relieving and curing rheumatism. Bellevue, just north of Hailey, 
is a pretty little town. 

KETCHUM. 

Ketchum, a rapidly growing town of about 2,000 to 3,000 people, lies just 
beyond Bellevue, and is beautifully situated at the head of the Wood River 
Valley. At this point. Wood River is as clear as crystal, and rich in the finest 

(36) 



FOR HEALTH AND PLEASURE. 37 

of mountain trout. The vicinity surrounding affords good hunting, and elk 
and bear abound. The mines round about Ketchum are large, and will well 
repay inspection. The Guyer Hot Springs, two miles by stage from Ketchum, 
are noted for their medicinal waters, and are of high repute throughout the 
neighboring country. There are many objects of interest, both for the tourist 
and pleasure seeker, in and about Ketchum. The scenery is beautiful, and the 
climate all that could be desired. 



BOISE CITY. 

From Shoshone Station, passing westward, the next town of importance is 
Boise City, which is now reached from Nampa on the Oregon Short Line of the 
Union Pacific Railway, via the Idaho Central. Boise City is nineteen miles 
from Nampa, and has an elevation of about 2,800 feet. It has a population of 
about 6,000, has good hotel accomodations, and is a point of interest to the 
tourist. Boise City is the largest, wealthiest, and most attractive town in the 
Territory, with good schools and pleasant homes. It is in the centre of the 
Idaho fruit belt. A great many medicinal springs are to be found within the 
immediate neighborhood of Boise City, easy of access, and possessing many 
charms both of water and scenery. 

GUYER HOT SPRINGS. 

This romantic little mountain resort is situated about two miles from the 
town of Ketchum, Idaho, on the Wood River branch of the Oregon Short 
Line, sixty-nine miles from Shoshone. Regular hacks run to and from the 
springs, in connection with the branch trains. The springs are comparatively 
unknown outside of Idaho, but are destined to become famous for the well- 
known medicinal qualities of the waters and the great natural beauty of the 
place. The springs, about fifteen in number, gush out from the mountain side 
intensely hot, and are conveyed a short distance by pipe to the bathhouse, 
where there are two large plunge baths and quite a number of single rooms 
with tubs. The waters are good for all nervous complaints, rheumatism, skin 
and blood affections. This place is much resorted to by tourists and invalids. 
It is a beautiful, quiet mountain retreat. The accommodations for guests are 
first class, and in addition to the hotel, there are bathhouses, bowling-alleys, 
croquet and tennis grounds, swings, band-stands and dancing-platforms — every- 
thing, in short, to make a visit pleasant. 

SODA SPRINGS. 

The Soda Springs are located on the main line of the Oregon Short Line 
branch of the Union Pacific Railway and are within a stone's throw of the railway 



38 WESTERN RESORTS 

Station bearing the same name. They are in Bingham County, Idaho, sixty 
miles east of Pocatello, in the depression of the Wasatch Mountains. Their 
altitude is 5,779 feet above sea-level, with snowy mountains perpetually in sight. 
Ages ago the Indians sought these springs because they discovered that the 
waters were a sovereign remedy for many of their ills, and that something 
about the air and the water gave them, at least in part, what Ponce de Leon 
dreamed of finding, a fountain of water which had within it the elements to in- 
sure to those who drank the boon of eternal youth. So through the centuries 
the Indians held their treasure, until civilization claimed them for her own. 

The waters of these springs are charged with bicarbonate of soda, bicar- 
bonate of potash, chloride of sodium and potash, sulphate of magnesia, bicar- 
bonate of magnesia, lime, alumina, silica, carbonate of iron, free carbonic acid 
gas, and a multitude of other ingredients. They are a specific for the cure of all 
manner of indigestion, kidney troubles, even up to advanced symptoms of 
Bright's disease, and diabetes, dropsy, and a thousand kindred ills. 

Of the tens of millions who inhabit the United States east of the Rocky 
Mountains, probably not one in a thousand has ever heard of Soda Springs, 
Idaho. Probably not one in ten thousand has any idea of their rare medi- 
cinal properties, and not one in a hundred thousand realizes that in compari- 
son with them all the famous spas of the Old World sink into insignificance. 
They take away all appetite for spirituous liquors, and the water is the most 
pleasant for table use that has ever been found. 

Fremont's account of the excellence of these springs will be found in his 
official reports. In 1850, Mormon explorers traversing the country reported 
the marvels of the springs, and later on, the chiefs of the Mormon Church vis- 
ited the place, and Brigham Young solemnly blessed them. 

But, despite the virtues of the water, backed by the blessing of Brigham 
Young, Soda Springs remained an out-of-the-way place, little frequented and 
little known, until the Union Pacific Railway built the Oregon Short Line, from 
Green River and Granger, on the main line, to Portland, Oregon, which line runs 
directly by the springs, where now Pullman palace cars land passengers from 
all portions of the country. These springs are within fifty hours' ride of Coun- 
cil Bluffs or Kansas City. One of the chief inducements which decided the 
company to build the line was to open these springs to the public. Last 
year the Soda Springs Company was organized and began bottling the water, 
which, by a secret process, retains all its pleasant and medicinal properties; and 
this water is now on sale throughout the East and West. 

The climate of the springs is as wonderful as the water. The topography 
of the country is interesting; the springs cover a large area, and those who 
desire to, can spend the summer there camping out. The water, the air, and 
the sky are free, and their virtues, like those of the Master, go out to all who 
are able to touch so much as the hem of their robes. The days in the summer 
are warm, while the nights are invariably cool enough for blankets. The sur- 



FOR HEALTH AND PLEASURE. 39 

rounding country abounds in fine hunting, while Blackfoot Creek, ten miles 
away, reached by a natural road, supplies the best trout fishing in the West. 
These springs are readily reached from the east and west by the Oregon Short 
Line branch of the Union Pacific Railway, and from the north and south by 
the Utah & Northwestern branch of the Union Pacific Railway, and they will 
soon be recognized as one of the most wonderful sanitariums in the world. Good 
accommodations can be had at the Idanha Hotel, which is run by the Pacific 
Hotel Company. Tourists and health and pleasure seekers will be amply 
repaid by a visit to these wonderful springs. 

THE GREAT SHOSHONE FALLS OF THE SNAKE RIVER. 

These falls are readily reached by a stage ride of twenty-five miles from 
Shoshone Station, on the Oregon Short Line branch of the Union Pacific Railway. 
The tourist takes this ride in a genuine Concord stage, pulled by four horses, 
presided over by one of those thoroughly western characters, a Rocky Mount- 
ain stage driver. He is generally tall and angular, sunburnt and jovial, full of 
stories and border vernacular. The road is good and across a desert that is no 
pretense. No streams or springs gladden its barren surface, broken only by 
grassless knolls and blocks of lava, over which the horses fairly fly, the downward 
impulse of one hill carrying them up the next. The question is often asked, 
where all of the lava over which the stage rolls comes from, as there are no 
volcanic mountains for hundreds of miles. The whole area was once a simmer- 
ing mass, that, being submerged, resulted in many curious fractures, into some 
of which an article dropped will go clinking from side to side until the noise 
dies away, apparently without bottom being reached. It is in such a crevice 
that the Lost River disappears never to be seen again. The Snake River is 
indicated by no sign, when all at once from the edge of a vast chasm, smooth 
between stupendous walls, it is seen flowing hundreds of feet below. What 
power has wrought this sculpture ? It does not seem possible that water, even 
in untold ages, could work into the lava and granite, leaving the pillared 
heights to testify to its work.. The roar of the falls is heard, and, picking its 
way down the slope, the four-in-hand pauses within earshot of the solemn 
music, and the baptism of the spray. Having arrived in the evening, it is well 
to rest ni a luxurious bed and await the revelation of sunlight. It comes like a 
gleam of intelligence, passing over the mighty canon. The walls, rising hun- 
dreds of feet, catch the glint before it reaches the bottom of the gorge and the 
river, and from height to height the beams of the morning flash signals. There 
are no mountains by which to judge altitude, but a drop out of the world seems 
to be taken. The overwhelming massiveness of the gorge baffles all eye-meas- 
ure of the stupendous rift, out of which a climb would be impossible. The 
close-pressing lava towers are as sombre as a prison-house. After breakfast a 
boat is found in the little willow-fringed bayou and launched upon the open 



40 WESTERN RESORTS 

river — which here broadens to a lake — but silent, stern, and powerful the cur- 
rent sweeps along. That cloud of steam ahead rises from Shoshone Falls, and 
that ceaseless clamor is the great voice of its waters. There is an easy trail 
upon landing, which leads through a border of fir, and a rest is taken upon 
Point Lookout. Just then the sun breaks forth in renewed radiance, and from 
cliff to cliff there springs a bow as perfect as was ever made glorious in the 
heavens — an arc of beauteous coloring against a background of glittering, 
beadlike foam tumbling in crystal chaos 220 feet, the circling halo losing its 
bases in the turmoil and the mist, with an unbroken crescent above. The rock 
foothold quivers, a gentle bath dews the uncovered head, while the spirit soars 
as lofty as the illumined spray. There is a spell like that of a nameless melody 
in the awfulness of the irresistible plunge. Niagara is different, but not supe- 
rior. Where Niagara is calm, Shoshone is tempestuous ; where Niagara pours 
over evenly, Shoshone bursts into a million wild jets, each with a diamond's 
lustre ; where Niagara is environed by common-place landscapes, Shoshone 
dashes from between rocks nearly a thousand feet high, stately and time-stained, 
and its surroundings are weird and supernatural. Seven distinct channels are 
to be seen forming a number of brilliant falls, before finally there is a grand 
reunion of the waters, and so united, over they go, to be lost in the rage of a 
terrible surge, to riot in an infuriate whirlpool, and to rise soft as the feather of 
a bird and be touched by the sun to splendor. 

Only a stone's throw from the shore, Eagle Rock has never been touched 
by man, but on the top-most crest an eagle hovers with wrathful mien over her 
young. Standing face toward the falls, on the extreme left is Pulpit Rock ; 
next. Prospect Point. Cedar, Walgamotts, and Bells are a chain of islands 
across, the divided flow of the Snake coming between them. Prospect Point 
and Pulpit Rock overlook Bridal Veil, one of the brightest of the smaller falls. 
The former is immediately in front of the site selected for the large hotel. 
Lover's Leap affords one of the finest views. Facing it are the lesser falls and 
the unbroken front of the great one — 750 feet from shore to shore — unbroken 
because no rocks mar its contour, and yet broken, for it is not a glassy sheet of 
water that makes the leap ending in glistening foaming spray. Looking aghast 
you cling to the withered pine marking the spot where the lovers fell 750 feet 
in front of the maddened, malignant torrent, devilish in the delight it takes in 
sweeping with a rush which nothing but the eternal rocks could withstand, torn 
and tossed into billions of sparkling threads with a constant play of prismatic 
hues changing quicker than thought, half enveloped in its own mist, and then 
the wind carrying that away, leaving it unobscured, in sublimity unmatched 
and indescribable. A long, wmding trail leads past the Natural Bridge and 
the Devil's Flues, the last apertures reaching down to the level of the stream 
below the falls. Their origin is a mystery. The trail is half hidden in luxuriant 
shrubbery, the shallow soil being constantly drenched with spray. It is no 
place for the lame, halt, or blind. Each eye must be open, each hand and foot 



FOR HEALTH AND PLEASURE. 41 

alert for a hold. The scramble is for 850 feet. From below, there is such a 
change from the point of inspection, that the treat is entirely new. Here the 
opposite wall, black and frowning, is over a thousand feet sheer. A thousand feet 
means more in such a place than two thousand among the mountains. The vaulted 
dome is near by. It is made by the throwing together of huge rocks. It is a 
conical chamber 175 feet in height, and with an atmosphere cooling as a draught 
from the fountain. From the top there is a steady sprinkle of water — a 
shower-bath which, falling year after year, has worn a hollow known as Diana s 
Bath. Surely a goddess could covet no place more charming. The water fills 
this to overflowing. It is nearly ice cold. Drink it freely. It is nectar. The 
sides of the chamber are wet and green with moss. High out of reach are 
brilliant festoons of flowers, growing from the rock. It is an ideal place to 
lunch, and in itself a wonder. 

It is now time to go back, re-cross the river, or row up to Twin Falls. The 
two sets of falls are three miles apart. A portion of the way a boat may be 
used, and a trail completes the journey. There is some good, honest perspira- 
tion attendant upon the row to Clark's Point, beyond the Devil's Corral. The 
latter is an inclosure with only one entrance. Clark's Point is a huge fortress 
jutting into the stream. It is a curious place to be, in that long defile, and it 
is not designed for a thoroughfare. The ride seems short, but the walk does 
not. An acute ear detects a suppressed roar coming jointly from above and 
below. The waves of sound from Great Shoshone, and from the Upper Falls 
meet and mingle somewhere in the gorge. Finally the falls are reached, and 
standmg above them is recompense enough for all the toil. The view along 
the caiion in itself is worth a journey of miles. There is a frightful snakiness 
about the river, an appalling strength as it enters the rapids, and a glorying in 
this strength as it leaps below. The stream is divided by a tower of solid rock 
into two channels, across which an easy toss would carry a stone. All that 
mass of water, which three miles farther is so magnificent with its frontage of 
750 feet, is here condensed into these narrow spaces, descending through them 
180 feet, so that even these falls, secondary though they be to Great Shoshone 
Falls, are higher than the famed Niagara. A constant vapor arises from them, 
and when the air is still, bedews the rocks far higher than the upper level. Yet, 
for all its great height, it is the superior height of the rocks which makes the 
greatest impression. At the crest of the walls there is no grade to correspond 
with the sinking of the river, so that the chasm gets deeper and deeper until 
beyond the Great Shoshone Falls it is stupendous. 

The float down the river is something to be always remembered. To sit and 
calmly glide, to dip in the cool stream and drink, to watch the serried columns 
of lava glide by, and listen to the song of the eddies, is a pleasure. Night is 
coming on, and the shadows begin to stretch darkly across. The gloom makes 
the rocks look more weird and supernatural, and the motion and the twi- 
light belong to the realm of the mystic. The canon is a wonderful whisper- 



42 WESTERN RESORTS 

ing gallery. A whistle awakes a thousand echoes, and to a shout each castle 
perched above gives back a loud response. The notes of a cornet are taken up 
and repeated fainter and more faint till they die away in melody. And so chal- 
lenging the rocks to reply to a tune, and every challenge being accepted and 
hurled back with treble force, the notes are again repeated far away, long after 
the air is finished. 

After supper a walk is taken to Prospect Point, and, as if in greeting^ 
just then the mist changes from its billowy white to a rainbow mass, which the 
lunar rays make softly brilliant, and which seem to fade away in farewell as the 
moon is lost under shifting clouds. 

No one can inspect this place thoroughly in a day. The day is simply a 
hint. The Great Shoshone Falls demand a day, the Upper Falls another, and 
the canon still another. 

As yet the surroundings of the falls are as wild and untouched as when the 
pilgrims for Astoria, wandering through the wilderness years ago, marveled at 
their great beauty. And such is the Great Shoshone Falls, one of the greatest 
points of interest in the world. 

POCATELLO. 

This town is on the Oregon Short Line branch of the Union Pacific Railway, 
at the junction with the Utah & Northern branch, 153 miles from Ogden, Utah 
and 245 miles from Green River. Its elevation is 4,466 feet above sea-level. 
The Utah &: Northern Railroad stretches off north to Beaver Canon (where 
stage connection for the Yellowstone National Park is made), Butte, Garrison^ 
and Helena, and to Ogden, Salt Lake City, and Garfield Beach, on the shores of 
Great Salt Lake. Pocatello is a lively little town of some 2,000 people, and 
growing rapidly. Here the division headquarters and machine shops of the 
railway are located. The climate is cool and bracing, and the scenery around 
it superb. The country is broken and rugged, but there are pleasant, fertile 
valleys, and the Fort Hall Indian Reservation, in which Pocatello is situated, is 
a beautiful stretch of country. 




^^B^SSS^ 


'M 










?^*I4; 




^^^Uimmit^jmiiessti^S^mm^ 


^r*'-;^'^ 



MONTANA POINTS. 



LEAVING Green River and Granger, on the main line of the Union 
Pacific, through Soda Springs and Pocatello, via the Oregon Short Line 
branch of the Union Pacific Railway, and thence from Pocatello north 
on the Utah & Northern Railroad, and passing the Three Tetons and Beaver 
Canon, where connection by stage line is made for the Yellowstone National 
Park, a few miles bring the tourist within the confines of Montana. Passing 
the water line, Red Rock Station is the first point of interest. Here the 
scenery is wild, and there is a peculiar formation of points of jagged land, the 
highest of which is Red Rock, which juts up some 500 feet, and may be seen 
in either direction for twenty miles. Then through Dillon, which is in Beaver 
Head Valley, and one of the thriving towns of Montana. Silver Bow is reached. 
From Silver Bow the Montana Union Railroad, an auxilliary line of the Union 
Pacific Railway, branches off, one spur running to Butte City, another through 
Stuart to Garrison, where connection is made for Helena, and still another 
from Stuart to Anaconda. 

BUTTE CITY. 

Butte City, with an elevation of 5,492 feet above sea-level, is the largest 
mining camp in the world, not even e.xcepting Leadville, Colorado. Standing 
next to the Lake Superior regions in the production of copper, and first of all 
in silver output, attention has been drawn to it from all over the world. Butte 
has a population of some 25,000 people, is the possessor of fine hotels and all 
the modern conveniences of a large city. It is the greatest silver producer, not 
alone of Montana, but of the Rocky Mountain mineral belt. It is situated on 
a gentle slope and is surrounded by rugged and beautiful scenery, and takes its 
name from the point known as the Big Butte, located just north of the original 
town. It is ten miles to the main range of the Rockies, but towering foothills 

(43) 



44 WESTERN RESORTS 

have formed the basin where Butte flourishes. From Butte City, points of 
interest in Silver Bow, Jefferson, and Madison Counties can be readily reached. 
Butte is a healthy place, and blessed with a pure and bracing atmosphere. Butte 
City presents many attractions to the tourist and health and pleasure seeker. 

ANACONDA. 

From Stuart, the Montana Union also has a branch to Anaconda. Here is 
located the largest smelting works in the world, the consumption of coal alone 
for these works being 300 tons per day, and the yield from copper ore is enorm- 
ous. From Stuart, the pretty little town of Deer Lodge is but a short distance, 
and is a point of much interest. 

GARRISON. 

Further on is Garrison, a place of note, being the junction of the Montana 
Union branch of the Union Pacific Railway with the Northern Pacific, and 
formerly the transfer point of passengers going to Portland. But since the 
opening of the Oregon Short Line, the Route is via Huntington, which is the 
direct line to Portland ; the Garrison Route is used for Helena business. 

HELENA. 

Helena is the capital of Montana, with an elevation of 4,266 feet above the 
sea-level, and a population of about 20,000. Helena is also a mining camp, and 
is reached over the Union Pacific Railway, via Garrison, and the Northern Pacific 
Railroad. It is beautifully situated; Fort Benton to the north, Bozeman to the 
east, Virginia City to the south, with Butte City and Deer Lodge to the west. 
It has fine hotels, clubs, banks, newspapers, street cars — in fact everything that 
contributes to city life. There are many attractions for the tourist. Mount 
Helena is to be climbed, and the view from its summit well repays the labor. 
There are pleasant drives, one of the most popular leading to Hot Springs, four 
miles away. Prickly Pear Canon presents attraetive features. " The Gate of the 
Mountains," where the Missouri River bursts through, infinitely surpasses the 
Hudson Highlands, and for 100 miles down stream there is a succession of pil- 
lared hills, of castles, of eroded stone, of caves, and of falls. East of Helena 
are the White Sulphur Springs, Hell Gate Canon, and the Devil's Watch Tower. 
Northwest is Flat Lake, twenty-eight by ten miles, and the Twin Cascades, 
Elizabeth and Alice, falling 2,000 feet. 




OREGON POINTS. 



OREGON has nothing to lose by a close inspection of what she has to offer 
in the way of climate, productions, scenery, and pleasure resorts. Within 
its immense area of 96,000 square miles all that is desirable in the make 
up of a great and prosperous State is to be found, and its wonderful resources 
augur well for its future. 

From Nampa, Idaho, the Oregon Short Line, passing through the towns of 
Caldwell, Payette, Ontario, and Weiser, skirts along the boundary line of Idaho 
and Oregon, following the Snake River, which it crosses and re-crosses, first in 
Idaho, then in Oregon, until Huntington, just within Oregon, is reached, where 
it starts directly across the State. Huntington is the junction of the Oregon 
Short Line with the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company, an auxiliary line 
of the Union Pacific Railway. Baker City, Union, and La Grande, important 
towns beyond Huntington, are passed. Just beyond La Grande, in the Grande 
Ronde Valley, comes a passage in the Blue Mountains, replete with the dark 
beauty of the pine and the rippling brook and waterfall. 

THE GRANDE RONDE VALLEY. 

The Grande Ronde Valley presents many points of interest to the tourist, 
and a sojourn here will amply repay the visitor. It is one of the most fertile 
valleys of the Pacific slope. The Grande Ronde River Hows in from the Blue 
Mountains, and follows an extremely crooked channel through the valley. Fish 
and game abound. Mountain streams and copious springs break forth on 
every hand, converting portions of the valley into a beautiful meadow. 

Leaving La Grande, and passing over the summit at Meacham, on through 
the Umatilla Reservation to Pendleton, and over the Cascade Mountains, the 
tourist reaches "The Dalles" Station, on the Columbia River, the commence- 
ment of the "The Dalles" of the Columbia. 

(45) 



46 WESTERN RESORTS 



"THE DALLES" OF THE COLUMBL\. 

All along, the sights have been absorbing in their varied aspects; but it is only 
when a pause is made at "The Dalles " Station that the true grandeur of the 
scenery of the Columbia River is impressed upon the mind. There are good 
accommodations here, and from this point the noble river, surging and whirling 
to the sea, breaking the image rocks into wave fragments, occupies the mind of 
the beholder. The Columbia is one of the world's great rivers, affording a 
waterway that is navigable for trafific for over 200 miles. Upon it, near its 
mouth, the largest ocean steamers ply with safety. It is Oregon's artery, throb- 
bing with trade. Its largest tributary is the Willamette, draining the valley of 
the same name, and being navigable for vessels of any size to Portland. There 
can be nothing more inspiring than the ride along " The Dalles " of the Colum- 
bia, with the shining river on one side and the towering battlements of the shore 
on the other. The scene is one of continued magnificence. The grottos, in 
which are moss-garlanded cascades, almost hidden under the dense foliage, are 
most inviting and beautiful. Multnomah Falls and their surroundings are a bit 
of fairy land. There are scores of smaller falls — mere ribbons some of them — 
but all clear and dashing, and banked by a wealth of moss. The lofty summits 
over which they pour are reproduced in the river, and made doubly impressive. 
For miles upon miles this wild scenery continues, and a thousand times the 
tourist thinks the climax has been reached, only to acknowledge later that 
something grander has developed, particularly when Cape Horn, 700 feet sheer 
height. Castle Rock, 1,000 feet, Gibraltar, and Hallet's Hades burst into view. 
Along the line of the Rhine, or the Rhone, or the Hudson, there is nothing that 
will compare with the stately palisades of the Columbia, with their cool recesses, 
kept sunless by the overhanging rocks, and watered by the melting snows of their 
own summits. A splendid view can be had of Mt. Hood, Mt. St. Helen's, and 
the Cascades, where the scenery surpasses anything of the kind in the world. 
From Hood River Station the traveler will find good stages to convey him over 
an excellent road to the base of Mt. Hood, twenty-five miles distant. The view 
from Mt. Hood is simply incomparable, and the trip from Hood River Station 
to Mt. Hood is made through some of the most extraordinary scenery in the 
world. 

Mr. E. McD. Johnstone speaks of Mt. Hood as follows : " The view from 
the summit of Hood is one of unsurpassed grandeur, and probably includes in 
its range a greater number of high peaks and vast mountain chains, grand 
forests and mighty rivers than any other mountain in North America. Look- 
ing across the Columbia, the ghostly pyramids of Adams and St. Helen, with 
their connecting ridges of eternal snow, first catch the eye ; then comes the 
silent, lofty Ranier, with the blue waters of Puget Sound and the rugged Olym- 
pian Mountains for a background; and away to the extreme north (nearly to 



FOR HEALTH AND PLEASURE. 47 

H. B. M.'s dominions), veiled in earth mists and scarcely discernible from the 
towering cumuli that inswathe it, lies Mt. Baker. Looking south over Oregon 
the view embraces the Three Sisters (all at one time), Jefferson, Diamond Peak, 
Scott, Pitt, and if it be a favorable day, and you have a good glass, you may 
see Shasta, 250 miles away. The westward view is down over the lower coast 
range, the Umpqua, Calapooya, and Rogue River Mountains, with their sunny, 
upland valleys, and away o.ut over the restless sea. In the opposite direction, 
across the illimitable plains of Eastern Oregon, to the Azure Blue Mountains; 
down, almost to the foot of this mountain, * rolls the Columbia,' through the nar- 
row, rugged gorge of ' The Dalles,' 250 miles of its winding course being visi- 
ble. The entire length of the great Willamette Valley, with its pleasant, pros- 
perous towns and gently flowing river, its broad, fertile farms, like rich mosaics, 
with borders of dark-green woodlands, is spread out in great beauty under the 
western slope of Mt. Hood." 

PORTLAND. 

From " The Dalles " Station, the trip to Portland can be made either via 
water or rail, the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company having a line of fine 
boats that make the trip by water. 

Arrived at Portland, the metropolis of Oregon, which needs no mention 
here, the tourist can reach other important points in Oregon, and that not far 
off country, Alaska, an extraordinary and almost unknown domain. To the 
tourist, Alaska presents many points of interest. Its curious people, wonder- 
ful scenery, extinct volcanoes, magnificent glaciers, hot springs, sulphur lakes, 
and boiling marshes, well repay the tourist for making the trip. The verdure, 
flowers, and birds of this Northland dispel the popular illusion of its frigid 
temperature. A trip to Alaska will be something to think of in after years. 

From Portland to San Francisco, the trip can be made in the iron steam- 
ships of the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company, which favorably compare 
with the best ocean steamers on the Atlantic for safety, speed, and comfort; or 
by rail over the Mt. Shasta route of the Central Pacific Railroad (or the South- 
ern Pacific Company). After the long ride by rail, the ocean voyage makes a 
pleasing break, the murmur of the ocean breezes, and the rythmic cadence of 
the waves as they kiss the sides of the noble ship form a fitting finale to the 
overland trip across the continent. 

CRATER LAKE. 

Crater Lake, Oregon, can be reached from Med ford, Oregon, on the Mt. 
Shasta Route of the Southern Pacific Company, and Stage Line to Fort Kla- 
math, the military post in the Klamath Indian Reservation. The distance by 
stage from Medford to Fort Klamath is about 100 miles and, from Fort 
Klamath to the Crater Lake about twenty-five miles. 



48 WESTERN RESORTS 

Crater Lake is situated in the Oregon National Park, about twenty-five 
miles north of Ft. Klamath, among the summits of the Cascade Range. It is 
the crater of a long extinct volcano, and its waters, formerly believed to be 
fathomless, were found by the measurements of the geological survey to be 
4,000 feet deep. 

The surface of the lake is 6,351 feet above the level of the sea, and its 
shores rise almost perpendicularly from the water's edge to a height of from 
1,000 to over 2,000 feet — that is, to an elevation of from 7,35 1 feet to over 8,35 1 
feet above sea-level ; three-fourths the height of Mt. Hood, only 1,000 feet 
lower than Mt. St. Helens, and 2,000 feet above Mt. Washington. 

It is oblong in shape, being seven miles long and six miles broad, and cov- 
ering an area of about forty-two square miles. Out of its abysmal depths rise 
numerous islands, towering precipitously to enormous heights. Shag Rock is 
2,115 feet high. Button Cliff, 2,109 feet, Llao Rock, 2,000 feet, Heliotrope Sta- 
tion, 1,965 feet, and Wizard Island towers 845 feet above the surface of the water. 

It is in many respects the most wonderful body of water in the world. Lake 
Baikal, in Siberia, is eighty feet deeper, but it is a 'sea in comparison, covering 
a space of fifty-four by 397 miles. 

Though it lies on the very ridge of the great Cascade Range, and Mt. Scott, 
close by, towers in snowy majesty to a height of 9,117 feet above the sea, the 
ascent is easy, and wagons can be driven to its very brink. The visitor 
approaching the spot, suddenly emerges from the belt of encircling timber into 
an amphitheatre of desolation. Huge masses of rocks, lava, cinders, scoria, 
and pumice stone, lie scattered and piled all around ; rocky pinnacles tower 
skyward on every hand ; and just beyond rises a semi-circle of mountain peaks, 
from 200 to 1,000 feet high. Advancing a few steps farther, one is suddenly, 
without warning, o\\ the brink of the abyss, and cautiously peering over its edge, 
the inky waters of the lake are seen in glassy calm, or in stormy tumult, 2,000 
feet below in the very bowels of the mountain. The dizzy walls are scarred, 
melted, and blackened from the belching floods of flame and molten lava that 
ages since were vomited up from the Plutonian furnaces of the central earth ; 
and lying flat upon the ground, a stone dropped will almost pass from sight 
before it strikes a projection in the perpendicular wall. 

It is a sublime, a majestic, an awful — almost a horrible spectacle, and the 
head swims with the contemplation of it. It is little wonder that the simple- 
minded natives believe it to be inhabited by ilaos, or devils, and regard a curi- 
ous glance therein as a profanation. Their traditions teach them that ages ago 
it was the scene of terrible convulsions — of fiery struggles between warring 
spirits, and that the conquerors retain possession to this day. Geologists con- 
firm these traditions, in teaching us that the mountain once rose to a height of 
10,000 to 20,000 feet, and was a peculiarly active volcano, the peak having been 
gradually eroded by the violence of the successive eruptions to its present 
height. 



FOR HEALTH AND PLEASURE. 49 

The vent of the final eruption was Wizard Island, a regularly conical mount- 
ain of cinder, with a cup-shaped top, usually filled with snow. 

There are several descents by which access can be had to the level of 
the lake, where the visitor may enjoy the strange lu.vury of a boat ride over the 
waters of Jules Verne's "Central Sea," and look up, as it were, through the 
chimney of the globe, and picture the terrible energies tiiat once found through 
it a vent, with fire, and smoke, and quakings, and vast thunders of torment, 
compared to which the throes of .'Etna are but pigmy tremors. 

THE MOUNT SHASTA ROUTE. 

(from PORTLAND TO SAN FRANCISCO.) 

The Mt. Shasta route is very interesting, and the tourist should see its 
marvels to fully appreciate the wonders of Oregon and California. This route, 
through the western portion of Oregon, southward through the northern portion 
of California, from Portland to San Francisco, passes through a country fertile 
in resources, and rich in points of scenic interest. Particularly is this true of 
Northern California, which will in time equal and excel the southern portions 
of the State in wealth and population, and the rapid strides this section has 
been making since the completion of the Mount Shasta route by the Southern 
Pacific Company augurs well for its future importance and prosperity. 

The Mt. Shasta route takes its name from Mt. Shasta, which is situated on 
its line in California. It is one of the most wonderful mountains in the world, 
as well as one of the largest. It has a number of peaks; Main Peak, altitude, 
14,440; Thumb Rock, 13,000, and Crater P^ak, 12,900. The view from the 
different portions of the mountain is incomparably lovely, and cannot be 
excelled on the American contnient. Other points of interest are Mt. Hood 
(which is reached by stage from this line of road), Umpqua and Rogue River 
Mountains. The Rogue River Valley, the Siskyous, Strawberry Valley, one of 
the scenic wonders of the Pacific coast, the plains of Northern California, Upper 
Soda Springs in Sacramento Cailon, Lower Soda Springs, the Sacramento 
River, which rises at the base of Mt. Shasta, and is one of the most beautiful 
rivers in the world, and Mossbrae Falls, are a few of the wonders presented to 
the tourist in the trip from Portland to San Francisco, via the Mt. Shasta route. 





UTAH PO I NTS. 



OGDEN. 



OGDEN is one of the western termini of the Union Pacific Railway. It has 
an elevation of about 4,294 feet above the sea-level. It has a population 
of about 12,000 people, and is steadily gaining all the time. While its 
growth has been slow, it has been on a solid basis. The enormous supplies in 
shipments from the great country tributary to it give employment in their transfer 
to a large number of men. Here are located the division headquarters and shops 
of the Union Pacific Railway and the Central Pacific Railroad. It has good 
schools, hotels, banks, and churches, and the surrounding country possesses 
much to attract the tourist. 

Just north of Ogden, and beyond the Utah Hot Springs, is the celebrated 
Cache Valley, oval in form, and surrounded by mountains and trimmed with 
green-fringed brooks and rivulets. Through this valley runs the Utah & 
Northern branch to Pocatello, and north of the valley is the famous Port Neuf 
Canon, unusually picturesque in formation. 

OGDEN CANON. 

Ogden Caiion, one of Utah's chief scenic attractions, is reached by a half 
hour's drive over a good road from Ogden. The Ogden River, which courses 
between its walls, is a famous trout stream. The sides of this caiion are very 
precipitous and picturesque, rivaling the American Fork in the variety and char- 
acter of their striking features. At the head of the canon is an elevated park, 
called Ogden Park, and beyond this the drive may be extended to Cache and 
Bear Lake Valleys. 

UTAH HOT SPRINGS. 



These springs are sometimes called Red Springs, and sometimes Ogden 
Springs. They are just nine miles north of Ogden, and are readily reached 
from there over the Utah & Northern branch of the Union Pacific Railway to 

(50) 



FOR HEALTH AND PLEASURE. 51 

Hot Springs Station, which is a regular station on the road, and the springs are 
but a few steps away. All trains stop at the door of the hotel. This hotel is 
plainly, but comfortably furnished, accommodating about 150 people, and addi- 
tional accommodations are being provided every season. These springs have 
an elevation of some 4,500 feet above sea-level, and are far superior to the cel- 
ebrated Hot Springs of Arkansas. The main spring boils up at the foot of a 
low ridge of the Wasatch Mountains, a short distance east of the railway sta- 
tion. These springs impart a red hue to the surrounding soil. Their tempera- 
ture is so high that the hand cannot be held in the water without great pain. 
The water is conducted into the hotel from the springs in wooden pipes for 
private bathing and for the great open bath, when it becomes cool enough for 
use. These springs are patronized all the year around, and are very efficacious 
in curing rheumatism, neuralgia, catarrh, and all skin, blood, and kidney dis- 
eases. The waters are intensely hot, and their chief constituents are iron, 
magnesia, soda, and salt. 

The bracing air of the Wasatch Range, mingling with the saline breezes of 
the Great Salt Lake, with the pure water of these thermal, balsamic springs, 
nowhere excelled for drinking or bathing purposes, produce a natural combina- 
tion of marvelously curative properties. 

The flow is about 156,000 gallons of water every twenty-four hours, at a 
temperature of 131 Fahrenheit. A close analysis of the water by Prof. Spencer 
F. Baird, of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C, shows that besides 
containing carbonate of iron in heavy deposits, it also contains: 

Grains to 
the gallon. 

Silica 2.687 

Alumina o. 234 

Calcium sulphate 18.074 

Calcium chloride 1 70.498 

Potassium chloride 97-741 

Sodium chloride 1,052.475 

Magnesium chloride 1.067 

Magnesium carbonate 1 1 • 776 

The bathing accommodations consist of a number of private tubs, for vapor 
or steam and hot mud baths. The latter is the great Indian cure for rheumatism. 
Besides supplying these baths, this wonderful water is run into an outside sum- 
mer bath 166 X 204 feet, three feet deep at the upper and seven at the lower side, 
arranged with foot runs and spring boards, thus affording amusement for hun- 
dreds at a time. 

GARFIELD BEACH AND GREAT SALT LAKE. 

Garfield Beach, or Black Rock, is eighteen miles from Salt Lake City, on 
the shores of the Great Salt Lake, and is reached from Salt Lake City by the 
Utah & Nevada branch of the Union Pacific Railway. During the season 



52 . WESTERN RESORTS 

trains run back and forth at frequent intervals during the day and evening. It 
is the only real sand beach on the lake, and is considered by many to be the 
finest in the world. It should be and will be the great resort of the continent. 
It is not a sullen, listless sheet of water, beating idly on the shores, barren 
and repellant; but on the contrary it is as beautiful a sheet of water as can be 
found anywhere. The waves are a bright blue or green, and as they dance on 
its surface it would be hard to tell which color prevails. The water supports no 
life. Its constant sinking and rising is only one of its many curious phases. The 
sensation upon entering the water is novel and congenial. In the long sunny 
days of June, July, August, and September the water becomes delightfully 
warm^ much warmer than the ocean. It is 21 per cent, salt, while the ocean is 
only 3 per cent. The water is so dense that a person is sustained on its sur- 
face indefinitely without effort. Experience has proven its great hygienic 
effects. Owing to the stimulating effect of the brine upon the skin, or the 
saline air upon the lungs, or both together, the appetite is stimulated, and after 
a bath bathers are ready for a hearty meal. The baths are extremely invigorat- 
ing. If there is any abrasion upon the skin it will smart for an instant when 
it touches the brine, but after the bath the smarting is gone never to return, and 
after rinsing off in the fresh water, provided in every bathroom, there is a 
sense of cleanliness more perfect than any other bath can produce. A fine 
bathhouse accommodating 400 people has been erected at Garfield Beach, in 
connection with which there is a first-class restaurant, and a large dancing 
pavilion built out into the lake, all of which are run by the Pacific Hotel Com- 
pany, under the supervision of the Union Pacific Railway. At the restaurant 
excellent meals can be had during the entire season. The bu-ildings at Garfield 
Beach are modern, have every convenience, and were erected last year at a great 
cost. It is proposed to erect a large hotel on the beach, although the ready 
access which is had to and from the Salt Lake City hotels, has heretofore rendered 
a hotel at Garfield Beach unnecessary. The view from the pavilion at Garfield 
Beach is one of surpassing loveliness. The mountains on the shore form a fine 
background to the ripplmg waters of the lake, which stretch out on either hand 
before the beholder, dancing in the sunlight, sometimes a beautiful blue', and at 
other times green, with three or four of the largest islands in full view, which^ 
in the distance, have a peculiar purplish hue. 

When Great Salt Lake was discovered it was out of the world, but it is now 
isolated no longer. Every one takingthe transcontinental trip on the Union Pa- 
cific Railway is afforded a detour free of charge to Salt Lake City, and once in Salt 
Lake Cit}', the great lake must be seen, and this lake, as a special feature, is 
becoming better and better known every year. It is called the " Dead Sea of 
America." 

The first mention of Great Salt Lake was made by the Baron La Hontan in 
1689, who gathered some vague knowledge of its existence from the western 
Indians. Captain Bonneville sent a party from Green River in 1833 to make its 



FOR HEALTH AND PLEASURE. 53 

circuit, but they gave it up on striking tlie desert on the northwest, lost their 
way, and finally wandered into California. Until Colonel Fremont visited it in 
1842, on his way to Oregon, it is probable that its dead waters had never been 
invaded, or the solemn stillness of its islands broken by the pale face, although 
mention is made of the " Great Salt Sea " in the writings of other explorers. 
Brigham Young and the Mormon pioneers in '47, were the first sellers along 
its shores. From this time this region ceased to be a terra incognita. 

There have been many analyses made of the waters of the Great Salt Lake, 
all of them agreeing that it is a solution consisting of chloride of sodium or 
common salt, or sulphates of silver, potash, alum, and the chloride of magne- 
sium. The following comparison of solid contents and specific gravity may be 
of interest: 

Solid Contents. Specific 

Per Cent. Gravity. 

Great Salt Lake water 13.S 1.107 

Dead Sea water 21.0 1.116 

Ocean water 3.5 1.026 

One of. the most recent reliable analyses of the waters of the Great 
Salt Lake, by Prof. O. D. AUern, of New Haven, Conn., gave the following 
results: 

Solids. 
Per Cent. 

Chloride of sodium 79. 1 1 

Chloride of magnesia g.95 

Sulphate of soda 6.22 

Sulphate of potassa 3.58 

Sulphate of lime 0.57 

Excess of chlorine O- 5 7 

Total 100.00 

The Jordan carries into the Great Salt T^ake ten grains of salt per gallon of 
water. Great Salt Lake has no outlet, and its fluctuating level is determined 
by the balance between in-flowing springs and solar evaporation. On the sur- 
rounding mountains are water lines rising in steps to a thousand feet above its 
surface, showing that in ancient times a great body of water occupied its basin. 
This ancient body, which was known as Lake Bonneville, was 345 miles long 
from north to south, and 135 miles broad, and its vestiges are on so grand 
a scale that they have attracted the attention of not only geologists, but of 
every observant traveler. The principal islands are Antelope and Stansbury, 
on which are rocky ridges ranging north and south, and rising abruptly from 
the lake to an altitude of 3,000 feet. The view from the summit of Antelope is 
grand and magnificent, embracing the whole lake, the^slandsand the encircling 
mountains, covered with snow — a superb picture set in a frame-work of silver. 
The scenery on the eastern side of Stansbury is fine. Peak towers above peak, 
and cliff beyond cliff in lofty magnificence, while, crowning the summit, the 
dome frowns in gloomy solitude upon the varied scene of bright waters, 



54 WESTERN RESORTS 

scatterea verdure, and boundless plains of the western shore, in the arid deso- 
lation below. Descending one way from the dome, a gorge, at first almost shut 
up between perpendicular cliffs of white sandstone, opens out into a superb, 
wide and gently sloping valley, sheltered on each side to the very water's edge 
by cliffs, effectually protected from all winds except on the east, and covered 
with the most luxuriant growth of bunch grass. Of the minor islands there 
are Fremont, Carrington, Gunnison, Dolphin, Mud, Egg, Hat, and several 
islands without a name. 

Great Salt Lake covers an area of 2,500 square miles, and its surface is 
higher than the average height of the Alleghany Mountains. Its mean depth 
propably does not exceed twenty feet, while the deepest place, between Ante- 
lope and Stansbury Islands, is sixty feet. The water is of a beautiful aqua-ma- 
rine hue, and so clear that the bottom can be seen to the depth of four fathoms. 
Great Salt Lake is one of the greatest curiosities of America. Its extreme 
dimensions are about eighty miles m length by about fifty miles in width, and 
its elevation about 4,000 feet. Great Salt Lake is a wonderful place, and to be 
appreciated must be seen. 

SALT LAKE CITY. 

Salt Lake City is reached from Ogden via the Utah Central branch of the 
Union Pacific Railway, thirty-seven miles from Ogden. The ride from Ogden 
to Salt Lake City is one of peculiar interest, passing down the Utah or Salt 
Lake Valley, sloping gently from the mountains on the one side to the Great 
Salt Lake on the other. In fact the railway skirts the shores of the lake for 
almost the entire distance. Nine miles from Ogden is Syracuse Junction, from 
which point the Ogden & Syracuse Railway runs to Syracuse Beach, a fine sum- 
mer resort on Salt Lake. Just before entering Salt Lake City are Beck's Hot 
Springs, three miles out, where there are good hotel accommodations and fine 
baths. The medicinal qualities of the water are good, and the place is largely 
frequented at all seasons of the year. It is well located, and is only a few rods 
from the railway station. 

Salt Lake City was founded July 24, 1S47, by the Mormons or Latter Day 
Saints. The city has a population of about 35,000 people, and the elevation is 
4,350 feet above sea-level. Her buildings are fine, both business blocks and 
private residences, and every indication of wealth is apparent. The points of 
interest are Fort Douglas, The Great Temple, The Tabernacle, The Assem- 
bly Hall, The Endowment House, and Zion's Co-operative Mercantile Institute. 
The warm sulphur baths and springs are one and a half miles north of the city, 
and are reached by the street-car lines. 

Salt Lake City is one of the largest military posts m the West. The place 
attracts thousands of visitors annually, and the wide streets, lined with shade 
and fruit trees, bordered on either curb by clear running streams, are of them- 



FOR HEALTH AND PLEASURE. 55 

selves sights worth the long journey from the East. The luscious fruits of 
orchards and vineyards and the delightful view of the Wasatch Range 
are additional attractions. 

The Tabernacle is oblong, oval, and many doored. Its seating capacity is 
about 12,000. The roof, with one exception, is the largest- self-supported roof 
in the world. The (Ireat Temple, just beside it, possesses more of beauty, but 
it is less quaint in style. It is slowly approaching completion. Its stately 
walls, of polished Utah granite, rise loo feet above the foundation, and the 
towers are to reach loo feet higher. The building will be one of the most mas- 
sive, imposing, and expensive churches in the world when completed. The 
grave of Brigham Young, his old residence, and the palace of his favorite wife, 
will be pointed out as objects of local mterest. lUit from a geological stand- 
point the whole region merits attention. Driving to the high plateau which 
overlooks the city, on every hand is seen the valley, smooth, verdant, and 
dotted with farms. In the middle, the city peers through its myriads of leaves. 
Its long roads stretch into the country straight as an arrow for some fifteen 
miles, while to the south is seen Fort Douglas, perched upon a high knoll over- 
looking the city. On the inclosing hills the old water line of Great Salt Lake 
is visible, showing that at some time its salt waves dashed high above the dome 
of the Temple, and that this great valley was once an inland sea. Beneath this 
water-mark is another one, proving that the lake had at least two periods of 
sinking. The chief resort, however, is the Great Salt Lake, eighteen miles dis- 
tant. This "Dead Sea of America," with its River Jordan and the distant 
Mount Nebo, have an interest kindred to the places of the same name in the 
Holy Land. The Mormons, who are inseparably identified with Salt Lake 
City, are a peculiar people, and, modeling their form of church government and 
many of their rites and ceremonies after those of the Hebrews, they have 
clothed the valley with a mantle of nomenclature which constantly reminds the 
traveler of the land from which sprang the Christian religion ; and Salt Lake 
City itself, with its immense Tabernacle and Great Temple, has been consid- 
ered the Jerusalem of the Latter Day Saints. The fame of this city and its 
Mormon institutions has gone abroad into the four quarters of the globe, but 
its wonderful attractions for the tourist and the health and pleasure seeker, 
with its unlimited resources, are destined to give it a wider and more enduring 
fame in the near future. 

Salt Lake City, at the foot of the Wasatch Mountains, and in sight of lonely 
Nebo, the loftiest peak of Utah, would be 28,000 feet above Nebo now if its site 
could take the altitude it occupied ages ago. That before becoming the bed of 
this lake, this site was a plateau 40,000 feet high, is clearly told in the story of the 
rocks. The mountains of old broke in half and settled back, leaving the valley 
between. The western slope of the eastern range, and the eastern slope of the 
western range, could some giant force bring them together, would fit almost 
like two cog-wheels. 







CALIFORNIA POINTS. 



THE YOSEMITE VALLEY. 

THE Yosemite Valley is readily reached from San Francisco or Lathrop, via 
Berenda or Milton Stations, on the Los Angeles line of the Southern 
Pacific Railroad. Berenda is on the main line of the Southern Pacific 
Railroad, 178 miles from San Francisco, while Milton is on the Stockton & Cop- 
peropolis branch, which leaves the main line at Stockton, 103 miles from San 
Francisco. From Stockton to Milton the distance is thirty miles. From Berenda 
the San JoaquinValley division of the Southern Pacific Railroad runs to Ray- 
mond, twenty-one miles distant, where there is a large and commodious hotel, 
and from Raymond via stage to the park. From Berenda or Milton, there are 
regular stages into the valley. The more preferable of the two, however, is the 
one from Berenda, although tourists frequently make the trip through from Ber- 
enda to Milton, visiting en route both the Mariposa and Calaveras Big Tree 
Groves. The round trip from San Francisco or Lathrop to the Yosemite Valley 
and return to San Francisco can be made in four days. This includes a visit to 
the Mariposa grove of big trees, either going or returning, and enables the 
traveler to visit all the chief points of interest in the valley. The Yosemite 
Valley is the tourists' paradise of California and the Pacific coast, if not of the 
world. It cannot be compared with Yellowstone National Park, because there 
are few points of similarity, and each is peerless in its own way. No other 
scene or series of scenes in the world presents the beauty of the one, 'or the 
wonderful features of the other. Having seen the one, the tourist should see 
the other. The Yosemite Valley is set apart as a park, and is dedicated to the 
sightseers of the world. The points of interest are El Capitan, Three Brothers, 
Washington Column, Cathedral Rocks, The Sentinel and Domes, Bridal Veil 
Falls, Yosemite Falls, Mirror Lake, and Cloud's Rest. The Yosemite Falls are 
composed of three cascades, the first being 1,500 feet, the second 600 feet, and 
the last 400 feet high. In the four days' trip from San Francisco or Lathrop, 

(56) 



FOR HEALTH AND PLEASURE. 67 

only two days can be had in the valley, which is only time enough to merely 
glance at the scenes of interest. A week or ten days should be spent. No pen, 
however graphic, can convey a correct idea of the lovely scenes which here 
enchant the eye. 

THE MARIPOSA AND CALAVERAS BIG TREES. 

The big trees w^hich are visited en route to the Yosemite are well worth a 
visit. How they can be best reached is explained in the description of the 
Yosemite Valley. These trees are a marvelous sight. In the Mariposa group 
are 600 trees, of which 125 are over forty feet in circumference, and several are 
from ninety to one hundred feet. The Grizzly Giant, one of the monsters of 
this monster forest, sends out a limb which is six feet m diameter, at a height 
of ninety feet above the ground. The Calaveras group has one tree which is 
435 feet high, and no feet in circumference at the butt. The Calaveras trees 
are most accessible from Milton, the terminus of the Stockton & Copperopolis 
branch of the Southern Pacific Railroad, which runs from Stockton on the Los 
Angeles line to Milton, just North of Lathrop. From Milton, this group of 
trees is forty-seven miles distant. There are also some very large trees on 
King's River, forty-one miles from Visalia, which is reached via the Los 
Angeles line of the Southern Pacific Railroad, and the Visalia Branch from 
Goshen. Goshen is 241 miles from San Francisco, and Visalia is fifteen miles 
distant from Goshen. 

LOS ANGELES, SANTA BARBARA, 

and San Diego, Riverside, Santa Ana, and other cities and villages in Southern 
California are growing in favor with tourists, invalids, and travelers gener- 
erally. They are beautiful in themselves and charming in surroundings. 
Embowered m vines, embellished with rare flowers and fringed with orchards 
producing delicious fruits, they present a most enchanting and restful sight. 
For a winter vacation visit, Southern California is unequaled in attractions. 
The climate, productions, and natural scenery combine to restore health to the 
invalid and give enjoyment to all. In the summer the trip is also pleasant, and 
should not be omitted from a tour of the Golden State. 

SAN FRANCISCO. 

San Francisco is the pleasure seeker's great city. Its mammoth hotels, 
palatial in appointments as well as spacious in dimensions, can accommodate 
thousands. No other city on the continent has such complete and ample hotels. 
Adjacent and easily and quickly reached are numerous places of interest to all 
travelers. A score of one-day trips can be made which bring the tourist to his 



58 WESTERN RESORTS 

San Francisco hotel every evening, and other longer journeys can be taken. 
The people of the city are hospitable, and have that generous disregard of 
expense which is so characteristic of California, and which lavishes money 
without stint upon public and private buildings, and in the adornment of grounds 
and surroundings. Every nation and every climate are represented in this 
most cosmopolitan of American cities, in the persons of her inhabitants and the 
products offered for sale in booths and buildings on her busy streets. 

San Francisco is and should be made the centre from which to visit all the 
tourist resorts of California, It is an interesting city of itself, and will employ 
the time of the visitor profitably and agreeably for days. Its sail-flecked bay 
and the Golden Gate are a chapter of pleasing sights varied in aspect by the 
movements of the multitude of vessels floating the flags of all nations. 

Among its many attractions the tourist must not neglect visiting the famous 
Cliff House, which commands a view of the Seal Rocks and the Golden Gate. 
The drive out to the Cliff House through the military post of Presidio and back 
through the park is one of the finest drives in the world. Excursions across its 
shining surface to the ocean, to San Rafael, etc., are enjoyable and frequent. 
From San Rafael the journey may be continued northward to Santa Rosa, 
Tomales, the Geysers, Cloverdale, and Clear Lake, passing on the return the 
Petrified Forest, Calistoga, St. Helena, Napa, and Vallejo. Oakland, the 
suburban city, in which reside many of the richest citizens of San Francisco, 
Mount Diablo, the Sacramento River, Sacramento, Marysville, and Mount 
Shasta, may all be visited at slight expense. Numerous — once famous — gold 
camps abound, and the stories of their rise to importance and decline to deserts 
form many an interesting chapter in the tales of travelers to the Pacific coast. 
Southward lie Santa Clara, Pesoadero, San Jose, Gilroy Springs, Pajaro, Santa 
Cruz, and Monterey, each charming in its own way. 

MONTEREY. 

Frequent trains and cheap fares have built up half a score of pFeasure re- 
sorts south of San Francisco, but ]Monterey is conceded to be the most delightful. 
This little city overlooks the bay of the same name, and the natural beauty of 
its surroundings has been heightened by the expenditure of large sums of 
money in hotels, parks, drives, and baths. The Hotel Del Monte, at Monterey, 
is the finest tourists' hotel on the Pacific coast. Excursion tickets to Monterey 
and return are sold in San Francisc;), and as the seaside hotel is but a few 
hours' ride from ihe city it is largely patronized. 

LAKE TAHOE. 

Associated closely with these distinctively Californian resorts is Lake Tahoe, 
which lies on the boundary between California and Nevada, half in each State. 



FOR HEALTH AND PLEASURE. 59 

It is fourteen miles west of Carson City, the capital of Nevada, and about the 
same distance from Truckee, California, on the Central Pacific Railroad. This 
beautiful mountain lake is thirty-five miles long, fifteen miles wide, and 1,500 
feet deep. Its water is as clear as crystal and as cold as ice, and though stand- 
ing at an elevation of 6,700 feet above sea-level, and surrounded by mountains 
whose summits are white with snow nearly the whole year, it never freezes. A 
very pleasant side excursion trip for overland passengers can be made by leav- 
ing the Central Pacific Railroad at Reno, proceeding via Virginia & Truckee 
Railroad to Carson City, thence by stage to Lake Tahoe, across its surface by 
steamer, and return to the Central Pacfic by stage, at Truckee. On the same 
trip Bonanza mines at Virginia City may be visited. This excursion is short 
and requires but little time. The lake can also be visited from Truckee, and 
passengers in haste to reach their destination need lose but one day. 





HEALTH 



IT IS easy to write an apostrophe to health, for every one knows that its 
value is above rubies. Yet almost wantonly, sometimes, it is sacrificed. 
Nature, however, has kindly decreed that rest shall restore it, and has so 
endowed a favored portion of her realm, that weary mortals may gather there, and 
have brought back to them in a measure the prize they cast away. The entire 
Rocky Mountain region is a sanitarium. It has the sun, the mountain breeze, 
the crisp, mild air, which combine to invigorate and heal. There is no magic 
in the springs, bursting and bubbling in the canons, though the ignorant, noting 
their cures, might well ascribe to them a magical power. There is no magic in 
the healing wrought by a mountain summer, yet it recalls the day when the 
weak were made strong by the laying on of hands. Simply marvelous are the 
transformations wrought by it. Its fame has gone abroad. And winter now is 
becoming entitled to a part of the honors. The West will soon be known as 
an all-the-year-round resort. It deserves to be thus known. The haze of 
Indian summer lingers long into the autumn, and the balminess of early autumn 
gives way reluctantly for the moderate rigor of the holidays. 

The invalid reaches a point, especially if his trouble is pulmonary, where a 
trip, such as is suggested above, means a new lease of life to him. If he 
pauses, it will soon be too late. Past a certain stage, the higher altitude of the 
mountains will hasten a fatal termination, as surely as before that point is 
reached it will avert it. In reading preceding chapters, the thought will occur 
very properly that the outdoor life hinted at therein would be most conducive 
to sound health. Such is the case. All conditions are favorable to such a life. 
The beauties of Nature prompt it, and the climatic features make it agreeably 
possible. 

People are often puzzled to know why they are cured. What matters it so 
that they are cured ? Still some analysis may be interesting. The air of Denver, 
for instance, is exceedingly dry. Rain is rare. This air prevents matter which 

(60) 



FOR HEALTH AND PLEASURE. 61 

would ordinarily become putrid, from decaying, It acts in the same manner 
upon diseased lungs. More than this, a greater number of cubic inches must 
be taken in at every breath, resulting in an expansion of the chest. It also 
quickens circulation wonderfully, and is about the only stimulant that gives no 
baneful reaction. 

"The empire of climate," says Montesquieu, "is the most powerful of all 
empires." This airy empire has been the subject of many learned dissertations, 
not one of which is so convincing as the roses returning to the wannest cheek, or 
the dragging step once more light and buoyant. Probably the work of Chas. 
Denison, M. 1)., issued in 1880, is the most authentic ever published on the 
relations of climate and disease. Searching for the ideal clime, for the pre- 
vention and cure of consumption, he selects the Rocky Mountain region. He 
gives his reasons for this, and defends them from the stronghold of science and 
experience. He cites the humid, low resorts of Florida and the Carolinas and 
Texas, and shows that in none of their advantages can they compete with their 
high and dry rivals. If possessing any advantages, they are enervating, and 
more apt to bring the entire system down than to build it up. Of absolute 
cures, there are none to place to their credit. There are many credited to the 
greater altitudes. The book referred to is full of tabular illustrations of the 
points it makes. 




HUNTING. 



IN writing of several places, there has been incidental mention of game, but 
the subject deserves more specific notice. There is no excitement so 
thrilling and healthful as that born of the chase, and when the tremor of 
expectation has marred the aim, and its object flies over the hills exultant, it is 
genuine disappointment which follows. Hunting has been reduced to a science; 
but the amatuer's first idea is to find his game, and, having found it, to blaze 
awry tor general results. Until some skill has been acquired by practice the 
results are apt to be extremely general, but never from lack of opportunity. 

Antelopes are tempting, albeit their human-like eyes beg with muteelocjuence 
from their liquid depths for life. To find them, be up early, and gun in hand, 
before the sun has risen; for two hours, then, will give more shots than all the 
remainder of the day, for it is then they are feeding, unconscious of danger. 
On the vast plains, where there is often no shrub, and where the level is like a 
floor, it would seem that their hiding was impossible; but there are many 
ravines in which they may be sheltered secure from any enemy. These same 
ravines permit the enemy to approach undercover. Antelope meat is sweet and 
tender, and really creates an appetite as it crisps over the camp fire, and sends 
its aroma to the outer edge of the circle of light. The flesh of the mountain 
sheep is regarded as superior to any other trophy of the hunt, not excepting 
that of elk and black-tailed deer, which, before the rare toothsomeness of a 
juicy saddle, or the dripping ribs of a young and tender mountain sheep, is 
found below par. The sheep may be chased into the wildest abyss, and to the 
loftiest mountain tops, these difficulties only tending to make the pursuit more 
attractive, and many to follow it would give up buffalo, antelope, elk, and deer. 
North Park is surrounded by such a formation as makes it a favorite place for 
this game. The immense horns and the bony forehead nature has given the 
animal often enables it to baffle the pursuer by hurling itself from giddy heights 
and alighting on the protecting frontal. Or it leaps frightful chasms where 
no foot can follow, and if killed by an accurate bullet would only decompose far 
out of reach. 

t62) 



FOR HEALTH AND PLEASURE. 63 

IJuffalo are now largely confined to the plains of Wyoming and Montana, 
far to the North; but herds come down to within sixty miles of Cheyenne in winter. 
A hunter properly secreted can nearly annihilate a small herd, as the huge beasts 
only look around wonderingly when the one next to them is smitten to the death. 
The only legitimate way to hunt them is from horseback, and how fascinating it 
is then all border legends tell. There is some danger in it; but to the hunter 
that danger is but an added charm. The most formidable antagonist to be met 
with is the grizzly bear, which inhabits the higher ranges of the Rocky Mount- 
ains. To meet it requires a steady hand and a stout heart. The best nerve and 
the best weapons are not invincible. Never fire at a grizzly unless a partner is 
near with rifle ready poised. To come within the embrace of its mighty paws, 
which with one blow can break the back of an ox, is to be crushed. And yet 
there is nothing to which a Nimrod will point with more pride than to a griz- 
zly's robe, with a hole through the portion which had covered the heart. This bear 
may be found in autumn, among the raspberry patches; but the finder will usu- 
ally steal quietly away. Ten to one he has not " lost a bear." The cinnamon 
and common black variety attain great size, but they are lambs compared with 
their great cousin. 

The western watercourses are most prolific of black-tailed deer, who come 
in little bands to drink just before sunrise or just after sunset. They are at 
home in an altitude which no other variety can endure, and graze in the highest 
parks near the summits. Generally, four or five are together. The hunter is 
lucky who bags more than one. It is lower down the mountain that the whistle 
of the elk is heard as he plunges through the forest, with his great horns laid 
back. It is a delightful sound to the sportsman, who steals up for a shot in the 
gray of the dawn. He must keep well hidden, for the eye of the elk is keen; 
and to the windward, for the scent is most acute. But by enough precaution a 
splendid shot is obtained and some magnificent bull bounds away in an instant, 
and falls with a crash — strong to the last. It is then that the sportsman exults. 

The time was, and not many years ago, that to enjoy this sport, long excur- 
sions were necessary by horse or wagon, but now the most perfect hunting and 
fishing grounds are reached by the divisions of the Union Pacific Railway. 

Antelope are found on all the plains adjacent to the Union Pacific Railway 
where there is any pasture. They abound in the parks of Colorado and Wyoming, 
and on the plains just east of the mountains. Jack rabbits and smaller game are 
met with in great numbers in the smoother portions of the mountains and on 
the prairies. Grizzly bear inhabit the more elevated peaks of the mountains, 
and are especially numerous in the Uintah and Wasatch Ranges of Utah. 
Wyoming, and Montana. In Colorado and Idaho they lurk about the rougher 
defiles, near the timber line. Black and cinnamon bear, elk, black-tailed deer, 
mountain sheep, and mountain lions are common to all the higher regions of 
the range. In Montana and Wyoming occasionally mountain goats and buffalo 
are brought down. Ducks, geese, brant, and other waterfowls can be found on 



64 



WESTERN RESORTS 



the shores of all the rivers and lakes in the regions traversed by the Union 
Pacific. Nearly all the mountain brooks and lakes abound in trout and other 
varieties of fish. The Snake River and other tributaries of the Columbia are 
filled with salmon. The angler can scarcely go amiss in any part of the region 
above named. Prairie chicken, sage-hen, quail, snipe, and other land birds are 
abundant everywhere. Eagles are picked off the peaks of the Rockies occa- 
sionally. In short, the country' tributary to the Union Pacific Railway everywhere 
presents attractions to the sportsman. Perhaps the most famous and favorite 
hunting-ground of North America to-day, is that portion of Wyoming lying 
north of Rock Creek and Rawlins. In that region can be found all varieties of 
game, from the mountain squirrel to the grizzly bear, and from the harmless 
beaver to the bellowing buffalo. Transportation thither can be engaged at 
Cheyenne, Laramie, Rock Creek, or Rawlins. Arrangements should be made 
for camping out, and from two to six weeks should be spent in the field to 
thoroughly enjoy the sport. The North Park of Colorado is another famous 
hunting ground where the largest game abounds. Two hunters in one season 
brought fourteen large wagon-loads to market. They killed 500 antelope and 
250 elk. Herds of 500 elk are frequently seen. The Bear River country, in 
Idaho, Utah, and Wyoming has been a glorious region for disciples of the gun 
and rod since the earliest days of its discovery. But, as said before, the hunter 
or fisherman can find rare sport in almost any portion of the territory tributary 
to the Union Pacific Railway. 



FISHING. 

MENTION has been made in these pages of fishing, but the following 
additional matter will prove of interest to the lovers of the ''gentle 
science." 

Among the several varieties of food-fish which are found in the streams of 
Colorado, Wyoming, Idaho, Montana, Utah, Oregon, and Washington, may be 
mentioned speckled mountain brook trout, silver trout, black trout, common 
trout, bass, pike, pickerel, salmon, etc., some twenty-five or more species 
r.bounding in the western watercourses. Particular attention is called to the 
speckled mountain brook trout, here so common, for it is considered the finest 
food-fish, as well as the "gamiest" of all the finny tribe, and consequently 
affords more sport to the angler. 

Fly fishing for trout is good during the months of July, August, September, 
and October. Bait fishing is generally good during the early summer. The 
angle worm is good bait the world over. Besides the artificial bait, which can 
be procured anywhere, nature provides an abundance of Hies and worms along 
every stream, which the angler can readily find. 

(iood trout fields are found in Platte Canon, South Park, Middle Park, 
Nortii Park, and Estes Park ; in Clear Creek Canon, Cireen Lake, near (leorge- 
tovvn, and m Boulder Canon, all in Colorado ; in Blackfoot Creek, near Soda 
Springs, Idaho ; in Yellowstone National Park, and in almost all the mountain 
streams of Montana, Utah, Oregon, and Washington, particularly in the north- 
ern streams of Idaho, around Hailey, Ketchum, and Boise City. 

The trout, from its extreme beauty, delicacy of flavor, and extraordinary 
activity as a game fish, has attracted the attention of all classes of people, from 
the boy with a pin hook, to those who have swayed the destiny of empire. The 
divine, the philosopher, the poet, the arti.st, and the statesman, from the earliest 
dates, have enjoyed many days of recreation in his pursuit, sang songs to his 
praise, or written pages of instruction of their own experience in taking him 
from his native element. 

There are three different methods pursued in the capture of the trout : 
angling at the top, with a natural or artificial fiy, grasshopper, or other small 
insect ; at the middle, with a minnow, shrimp, or similar small fish ; and at the 
bottom, with a worm, or different kinds of pastes. 

Fly Fishing. — Fly fishing is usually practiced with a short, one-handed rod, 
from ten to twelve feet in length, or a two-handed rod from fifteen to eighteen 
feet in length. The first mentioned is the most common in use, and is calcu- 



C6 WESTERN RESORTS 

lated for the majority of mountain streams, which are small and require but 
little length of rod or line. Attached to the rod should be a reel, containing from 
thirty to fifty yards of hair, grass, silk, or silk and hair line; the latter description 
should be used if it can be procured, tapering from the tenth of an inch almost 
to a point; to this should be attached a leader of from one to two yards in 
length; and finally the fly, on a light length of gut; if two or three flies are used, 
place them on the leader with short gut, about twenty-four inches apart. 

The latter description of rod is used in larger streams, where it is necessary 
to throw a great distance; for this purpose, the reel should be large enough to 
contain loo yards of line, with the other tackle precisely the same as with the 
smaller rod. It should be recollected that the trout rods should be made simi- 
lar to the salmon rods, and of the lightest woods. 

Minnow Fishing. — The rod used in this kind of angling is from twelve to 
sixteen feet in length, with a stiffer top than that used fc5r fly fishing, and goes 
under the name of a bait-rod. The smaller, say twelve feet, for small wading 
streams, and the longer for wider and deeper waters. Attached should be an 
American reel, holding from thirty to fifty yards of American laid grass, or silk 
line, with from two to three yards of silk-worm gut, terminating with a Limerick 
hook, from number two to five, according to the size of the bait, fastened by a 
loop as before described. For baiting the minnow, pass the hook in at the 
mouth and out at the gills, then in again at the commencement of the dor- 
sal fin and out again just beyond, tying the hook at each end with a piece 
of thin silk or thread. By this method, a live minnow can be kept animated for 
a great length of time. 

Worm Fishing. — This is, and has been, from the earliest periods, the stand- 
ard mode of trout angling. It is practiced principally at the opening and clos- 
ing of the season by anglers generally. The rod generally used is from twelve 
to fifteen feet in length for small streams, and from fifteen to twenty feet (ac- 
cording to circumstances) for the larger. The reel, and other appurtenances, 
should be similar to that described for minnow fishing. 

The various fish commissioners who have supervision of the public waters, 
and the collection, propagation, culture, and distribution of fish, have done 
much to increase the numbers, varieties, and improve the quality of fish in 
the western waters. 



FOR HEALTH AND PLEASURE. 67 

SOME OF THE POINTS OF INTEREST WHICH ARE MENTIONED 
IN THE PRECEDING PAGES. 

Georgetown, Colorado (See Clear Creek Canon.) 

Central City, Colorado " " " 

Green Lake, Colorado " " " 

" The Loop," Colorado " " " 

Graymont, Colorado " " " 

Dome Rock, Colorado (See Platte Cafion.) 

Cathedral Spires, Colorado " " 

Sunset, Colorado (See Boulder Cafion.) 

Boulder, Colorado " " 

Fort Collins, Colorado (See North Park.) 

Loveland, Colorado (See Estes Park.) 

Hot Sulphur Springs, Colorado (See Middle Park.) 

Kenosha Hills, Colorado (See South Park.) 

Mount of the Holy Cross, Colorado " " 

The Palisades, Colorado " " 

Manitou, Colorado (See Colorado Excursions.) 

Colorado Springs, Colorado " " " 

Ames Monument, Wyoming (See Sherman.) 

Hippopotamus Rock — Main Line — Wyoming " " 

Dale Creek Bridge — Main Line — Wyoming " " 

Green River Buttes — Main Line — Wyoming. .(See Trip Across the Continent.) 

Snow Sheds — Main Line — Wyoming " " 

The Three Tetons, Idaho (See Yellowstone National Park.) 

Fire Hole Basin, Idaho " 

Blackfoot Creek, Idaho ^ (See Soda Springs.) 

Mount Hood, Oregon (See Dalles of the Columbia.) 

Multnomah Falls, Oregon " " " " 

Mount Shasta, California (See Mount Shasta Route.) 

The Rogue River Valley " 

The Siskyous, California " 

Echo Cafion — Mam Line — Utah (Sec 'i'rip Across the Cniiti'ient.) 

Weber Canon — Main Line — Utah " 

Pulpit Rock — Main Line — Utah " 

Devil's Slide — Main Line— Utah " 

Mount Nebo, Utah (See Salt Lake City.) 

Great Salt Lake, Utah (See Garfield Beach.) 



ELEVATIONS OF PRINCIPAL MOUNTAIN CITIES, 
PEAKS, AND PASSES. 



COLORADO. 



CITIES AND TOWNS. 

Alpine .. 

Alpine Tunnel. . . . 

Black Hawk 

IJoreas 

Boulder 

Breckenrid^e 

Buena Vista 

Central City 

Denver 

Dillon 

Dome Rock 

Estabrook Park. . . 

Fort (-ollins 

Cieorgetown 

Golden 

Greeley 

Gunnison 

Heywood Sprinijs. 
Idaho Springs. . . . 

Keystone 

Leadville 



ELEVATION. 

9.175 

. . . .11,623 

. ... 8,057 

11,498 

■ •■ 5.331 

•••• 9.555 

• ••• 7.957 

8,510 

.... 5,203 

. . . 8,840 

.... 6,227 

.... 7.57S 

4.97^ 

. .. . 8,500 

. ... 5.710 

. . . . 4,670 

. ... 7.582 

. . 8,093 

. ... 7.567 

. ... 9.149 

. . . . 10,200 



I'KAKS. KLEVATION. 

.\ntero 14.245 

.\rapahoe 13.520 

Audubon 13.173 

Bald ri,493 

*r.lanca 14,464 

Byers 12,778 

Ethel 11,976 

Evans 14.321 

Gray's I4.44I 

Halin's 10,906 

Harvard '4.375 

Holy Cross 14. 176 

Irwin's 14.336 

James 13.283 

Lontr's 14.271 

Massive 14,298 

Monitor 11,270 

Princeton 14, 196 

Pike's 14,147 

Rosalie 14.340 

\a\e 14,187 

Uncompahgre 14,419 



PASSKS. 

.Alpine 

Argentine . . . 
Berlhoud . . . 

Boulder , 

Breckenridge 
Cochetopa . . 
Cunningham. 
Fremont. ... 

CJeorgia 

Gove 

Hamilton . . . 

H ayden 

Hoosier 

Lake Fork. . 
Loveland. . . 

Marshall 

Poncho 

Raton 

Tarryall 

Trout Creek 
Tennessee. . 
Acta 



ELEVATION. 

12,124 

. . ..13,100 

11.349 

. . . .11,670 

11,560 

. . . . 10,032 
. . . 12,090 
••..11,325 

ii,Sii 

— 9,590 
— 12,370 

. . . .10,780 

— 11,500 
— 12,540 

. . . .11,500 
. . . .10,852 
.... 8,945 
.... 7.S63 
. . . .12,176 

9,346 

. . . 10,700 
••• 9,339 



WYOMING. 



CITIES AND TOWNS. 

Cheyenne ...... 

Sherman 

Laramie 

Evanston 



I.EVATION. 
• 6,038 
•• 8,235 
•• 7.137 
•• 6,747 



TEAKS. ELEVATION. | PEAKS. ELEVATION. 

Fremont's 13.750 | Cloud 13,000 

Laramie 10,000 ' Grand Encampment. . . .11,053 

(;ilbert's 13,250 , Pelham 11.524 

Snow's 13,570 I 



UTAH AND IDAHO. 



CITIES AND TOWNS. 



Salt Lake City 

Ogden, Utah 

Logan, Utah 

Black foot, L T... 
Boise City, I. T. . 
Bonanza City, L T 
Galena, L T 



KLEVATION. 

— 4.350 

— 4.294 

— 4.504 

— 4.512 

. . . . 2 , Soo 

. . . . 6,400 

. ... 7,900 



PEAKS. KLEV.^TION. 

Martineau, U. T 7,800 

Nebo, U. T 12,000 

Blackfoot, L T 7. 490 

Custer, L T 8,760 

Estes, I. T 10,050 

Grand Teton, L T 13,691 

Soda, I. T 9,683 



CITIES AND TOWNS. 


ELEVATION. 


Soda Springs, L T. 


5.779 


Sawtooth, I. T 


. . . . 7,000 


O.xford, LT 


. ... 4,862 


Silver Citv, L T 


.... 6,680 


Idaho City, I. T.. . 


. ... 4,623 


Lewiston, I. T 


. . . . 6S0 



MONTANA. 



CITIES AND TOWNS. ELEVATION. 

Helena 4,266 

Butte 5.492 

Deer Lodge 4.532 

Virginia City 2,824 

Missoula 3,900 

Argenta 6,337 

Bozeman 4,900 



PEAKS. ELEVATION. 

Bridger's 9,002 

Emigrant 10,629 

Electric 10,992 

Liberty 9,162 

Blackmore 10, 134 

Delano 10,200 

Sphin.x 10,880 



PASSES. ELEVATION. 

Deer Lodge 5, 808 

Flathead 6,769 

ISridger 6,147 

Lewis and Clarke 6,323 

Little Blackfoot 6,250 

Mullen 5,980 

Madison 6,911 



PRINCIPAL PEAKS OF THE SIERRA NEVADA AND COAST RANGES. 



PEAKS. ELEVATION. 

Globe Peak, Nev 1 1.237 

Mt. Hood, Ore 14,000 

Mt. Pitt, Ore 11,000 

Mt. St. Helens, W. T.. 9,750 

Mt. Adams, W. T 9,570 

Mt. Ranier, W. T 12,360 

Mt. Constance, W. T. . . 7,777 



PEAKS. ELEVATION. 

Mt. Olympus, W. T 8,138 

Mt. Baker, W. T ii,roo 

Mt. San Bernardino, Cal. 11,600 

Mt. Shasta, Cal 14.444 

Mt. Diablo, Cal 3.856 

Mt. Tamalpais, Cal. . . . 2,604 
Mt. St. Helena, Cal. . . . 4,343 



PEAKS. ELEVATION. 

fMount Whitney, Cal. .15,088 

Mt. Tyndall, Cal 14,386 

Mt. Williams, Cal 14,500 

Mt. Kaweah, Cal 14,000 

Mt. Gardner, Cal 14,000 

Mt. Brown, Cal 13,886 



* Highest Peak in Colorado. 



t Highest Peak in the United States. 
(G8) 



RD -!•»■» 




O * o « o 



/ \.-^-\/ V-^'/ \.-^-^\v 










/^^^^iv^v^^ 










J->.=. ■♦ -A 



^<.A' 



<^< 






'° ^'-^^^ 













^^ *^TrT* ,0^ ^^ "•* .0" 















> 

























\y ,T> o J. <-/ I 



















^ OOBBSBROS. .*'••'* •A'^ 

• 




